Content of The Development of Critical Thinking Skills in Students on The Basis of Pedagogical Views of Jadids

Аннотация

The Jadidist movement was formed in the Turkestan region at the beginning of the 20th century, with the main goal of reforming society and joining the ranks of the progressive states. The Jadid Enlightenment sought to develop the nation by updating the education system. Their pedagogical views are important today for the development of critical thinking skills in their students. In this article, students will receive feedback and feedback on the content of the development of critical thinking skills based on the pedagogical views of jadids. Keywords: Mahmudhaja Behbudiy, jadidism, pedagogical views, independent thinking, schools of the new method, educational reform, curricula, press, enlightenment, critical thinking. educating young people. Ismail Gaspirali, on the other Introduction: The jadids were a movement of reformist hand, promoted the awakening of Turkic peoples, intellectuals active in Central Asia, specifically advancing the slogan” unity of language, unity of Turkestan, in the late 19th and early 20th centuries, thought, unity of work". Abdullah Avloni, in his work who had a tremendous impact on the social, cultural “Turkish Gulistan or morals”, reflected on the and spiritual progress of their time. The jadidism orientation of the younger generation towards moral, movement was dominated by countrymen and aesthetic, social education. intellectuals who promoted the ideas of Modern Education, Science, National Awakening and cultural The jadids were active not only in education, but also in renewal. Their main goal was to free the people from the fields of press, literature, theater, art, culture. They ignorance, illiteracy, old-fashioned thinking and direct opened newspapers, put on performances on stage, them to development in harmony with the Times. made open comments on social and political topics. As a result of their activities, the process of awakening in The jadids favored the establishment of new-style society began, new thinking, and modern ideas began schools, criticizing the weakness of the education to take root. system in the old-fashioned school and madrasas. In these schools, it was believed that children should At the same time, the jadids were subjected to severe study modern subjects such as calculus, geography, repression under the political pressure of their time. natural science, history, and not read Arabic-Persian When Soviet power was established, many of them poetry. Education for the jadids was the foundation of were declared nationalist, reactionary forces and the nation's progress. Therefore, by writing textbooks, repressed. Their contribution to popular spirituality, opening schools, issuing newspapers and magazines, however, has not lost its relevance today, especially they urged the people to teach, to think in a new way. their ideas on critical thinking, renewal, progress through science and enlightenment. The Jadid heritage Among them were famous jadid intellectuals like began to be re-valued at the time of independence, and Mahmudhaja Behbudiy, Ismail Gaspirali, Abdullah their names, works, views are gaining an important Avlani, Munavvar Qori Abdurashidkhanov, Fitrat. For place in the upbringing of the younger generation. example, Mahmudhaja Behbudi, through his works like “Risolayi jadida”, “Padarkush”, promoted the ideas of The jadids emphasized the need to reform traditional reform in education, building a just society and educational methods and called for the development of International Journal of Pedagogics 6 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281) independent thinking and the ability to analyze the classes in their native language in order to foster critical environment in students. For example, Mahmudhaja thinking while instilling national literature and religious Behbudi encouraged educators to develop values. They came to understand that education in independent thinking and the ability to question the their native language helps students to understand environment of students. Mahmudhaja Behbudi (1875- topics more deeply and express their thoughts clearly. 1919) was one of the leading exponents of the Uzbek Through this approach, students' logical thinking skills jadidism movement and made a significant have evolved and their perception of the national self contribution towards reforming the education system has been strengthened. Jadid efforts to educate the and elevating the nation. His pedagogical views are native language have contributed significantly to the aimed at developing independent thinking in students, development of national culture and language. The through which they aim to increase their ability to education reforms and pedagogical views of the jadids analyze the environment and ask questions. are still relevant today and are important in teaching the younger generation to critical thinking. Behbudi understood that traditional schools could not meet modern requirements and establish