Features of Developing Reading Skills in Students with Mental Delays in Inclusive Education

Аннотация

The article partially covers the features of developing reading skills in students with mental retardation in inclusive education through research and analysis of literature. Keywords: Inclusive education, children with mental retardation, developmental delay, reading skills, reading process, stages, ways to form reading skills, technical and semantic foundations of reading. system. It is important to clearly emphasize that “all Introduction: The current stage of development of the children” here, that is, regardless of their physical, education system for children with special educational mental, intellectual, cultural, ethnic, linguistic and needs, characterized by the integration of general other characteristics. secondary and special education (the introduction of inclusive education), includes rational methods and This means that children have equal opportunities to effective forms of education for such children together receive education in their places of residence. General with their normally developing peers. education schools take into account special educational needs and provide students with the necessary special By 2025, Uzbekistan has set a goal of achieving assistance. And finally, all children can learn, develop, inclusiveness in at least 51 percent of schools. In socialize and teach tolerance to each other on an equal addition, creating a safe and inclusive educational basis with their peers. environment for children is one of the priority areas of the republic's development. For these purposes, it is As is known, in inclusive education, children with planned to attract more than 600 million US dollars special educational needs are grouped together with all over 3 years. children for a specific purpose according to different abilities. While special education is carried out This task is being implemented within the framework of according to mental, physical appearance, inclusive the concept for the development of inclusive education education is determined according to the abilities and in 2020–2025. For example, in the 2022 academic year, capabilities of the child. While special education is 225 secondary schools in all regions of Uzbekistan taught through special and alternative education opened their doors to children with special educational programs, inclusive education is taught on the basis of needs. a child-centered and adapted, guided, universal First of all, if we clarify the concept of inclusive curriculum. A distinctive feature of inclusive education education, then “inclusion” itself is the process of fully is that children and teachers learn from each other and including absolutely all children and people, regardless solve problems together. of their characteristics, in social life. It is worth noting that in inclusive education, all Inclusive education is an educational process in which children, including children with mental retardation, all children are included in the general education study in the same class, not in a specially separated International Journal of Pedagogics 112 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijp International Journal of Pedagogics (ISSN: 2771-2281) group. Special groups and institutions remain, they are In the implementation of the reading process, a clear not abolished, but parents have the right to choose an interaction and cooperation of the visual (optical), institution for their child. A distinctive feature of acoustic, speech-motor, kinesthetic and speech- inclusive education is that it is focused not on the auditory analyzers, which form the psychophysiological curriculum, but on children. This is achieved through basis of the reading process, is necessary. The reading pedagogy that meets the needs of each child, including process includes higher mental functions: semantic children with mental retardation. perception, attention, memory, thinking, speech and reasoning. One of the most common problems at the current stage of development of the primary education system is the The reading process begins with visual perception, disruption of the learning process. Modern scientific differentiation and recognition of letters. Based on research has shown that the development of reading visual processes, letters are correlated with the skills is a complex psychophysiological process, having corresponding sounds, and the visual image of the a multi-stage structure. word is reproduced and read. Then, based on the correlation of the sound form of the word with its When defining the term "reading skills", it is necessary meaning, reading comprehension occurs. In the to study how it is interpreted. According to the reading process, two aspects can be conditionally definition given by V.I. Seliverstov, the process of distinguished: technical (correlation of the written developing reading skills is defined as "skills - visual image of the word with its pronunciation) and automated components of conscious activity, semantic reading (reading with understandin