PUNCTUATION MARKS IN THE RUSSIAN LANGUAGE AND THEIR MEANING

Аннотация

Punctuation is very important in linguistics for correct and clear reading and understanding of the text. They reveal the meaning of sentences, determine the connections between words and phrases, provide the correct structure of the text and ultimately help the reader or listener to clearly convey the idea. The article contains information about some punctuation marks usedin theRussian language, theirhistory anduse. Keywords: Punctuation, period (.), comma (,), question marks (?), exclamation marks (!), quotationmarks («»), colon (:), dash –, brackets (()). ЗНАКИПРЕПИНАНИЯВРУССКОМ ЯЗЫКЕ ИИХЗНАЧЕНИЕ Доценты СамГУим.Ш.Рашидова, Филологического факультета меж факультетской кафедры русского языка: Тойчиева Н.С.,Ткебучава И.Г. Аннотация: Пунктуация очень важна в лингвистике для правильного и ясного чтения и понимания текста. Они раскрывают смысл предложений, определяют связи между словами и фразами, обеспечивают правильную структуру текста и в конечном итоге помогают читателю или слушателю четко донести мысль. В статье содержится информация о некоторых знаках препинания, действующих врусском языке, их истории и использовании. Ключевые слова: Пунктуация, точка (.), запятая (,), вопросительные знаки (?), восклицательныезнаки(!), кавычки («»), двоеточие(:), тире́ -,скобки(()). Punctuation marks in Russian, that is, punctuation marks, are very important for clear and fluent reading of the text. Punctuation marks make it easier to structure sentences, express thoughts and emotions.Beloware some examples. Aperiod (.) — thispunctuation mark indicates the end of asentence. The first punctuation marks can be found in the Ostromir Gospel. The prototype of the period was the sign of the cross (stop sign), with which the scribe designated the place where he stopped before leaving for a prayer service or a meal (the sign could well fall in the middle of a word). Subsequently, the sign was shortened to a dotted cross, and then to a period. [Yu.N.Karaulov. Russian language. Encyclopedia. — M.: Drofa, 1997.] It is used in final sentences that fully express thoughts. For example: Heis agood writer. A comma (,) is a punctuation mark in Russian and other languages, [Lebedev A. A.. Guide. § 105. The Tragedy of the Comma. Artemy Lebedev Studio (June 14, 2004).] This punctuation https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue2,2025 691 mark divides a sentence into parts, is used as a stopping point in a sentence, but does not complete it completely. In numerical notation, depending on the standard adopted in a particular language, a comma separates the whole and fractional parts or places with three digits between them. In particular, in the Russian language it is customary to separate the fractional part with a comma, and places from each otherwith spaces. Acommais used inthefollowing cases: Between words and phrases (for example, lists): Hebought alot ofbooks, magazines and newspapers. Among additionsand details: Thisis my friend, heworks in an IT company. Question marks (?) – are used to answer a question. If a sentence contains a question, a question mark is placed at theend. For example: Howdoyou doit?(How are you?) It has been found in printed books since the 16th century, but it was adopted for expressing questions much later, only in the 18th century. The spelling of the mark comes from the Latin letters q and o (Latin quaestio - search for an answer). Initially, q was written above o, which was later transformed into the modern spelling. [N. G. Goltsova. History of Russian punctuation. Therole ofpunctuation marks.] Exclamation marks (!) - are used to express excitement or strong emotions in a sentence. For example: Howwonderful! According to one theory of its origin, it was the Latin word for joy (Io), written with the letter "I" above the letter "o" [Power J., A handy-book about books, for book-lovers, book-buyers, and book-sellers, 1870, p. 91.]. The exclamation mark was introduced into English typography in the 15th century and was called the "sign of admiration or exclamation"[ MacKellar, Thomas. The American Printer: A Manual of Typography, Containing Practical Directions for Managing all Departments of a Printing Office, As Well as Complete Instructions for Apprentices: With Several Useful Tables, Numerous Schemes for Imposing Forms in Every Variety, Hints to Authors, Etc. (English). — Fifteenth - Revised and Enlarged. — Philadelphia: MacKellar, Smiths & Jordan, 1885. — P. 51.] or "note of admiration", until the middle of the 17th century.[ Truss, Lynne. Eats, Shoots & Leaves: the zero tolerance approach to punctuation (English). — New York: Gotham Books, 2004. — P. 137. — ISBN 1-59240-087-6.] In German orthography, this mark first appeared in the September Bible of 1797.[ Mathias, Wolfgang. From the Virgel to the Comma — The development of German punctuation (German) (Press release). Cologne University (8 October 2002). Archived from the original on 6 June 2011. ] The mark was not found on regular typewriters until th