HISTORICAL ROOTS OF MAQOM MELODIES AND METHODS

Аннотация

This article discusses special musical methods that help to study the ancient layers of Maqom melodies. Information is provided on the important role that performance methods play inthedevelopment ofhuman culture in art and culture. Keywords:Culture, East, traditions, instruments, method, performance. The history of statuses can be divided into two major periods of mutual difference. The first period is formed by the roots of the ancient origin of the statuses, the layers of the initial melody. Naturally, there were no literal statuses during this period. Already, the processes of formation of com systems that have reached us are guided by a certain stage of socio-cultural development, which forms thesecond period. There are no special musical treatises that provide support for the study of ancient layers of status melodies. But Shash-Maqam," Khwarezm statuses "and" Fergana – Tashkent Maqam roads " are considered important sources that give an idea in this regard. After all, the private "type" structure of status melodies allows you to identify the musical layers of different eras that they harmonizeintheir composition. According to existing views among scientists, the most ancient examples of statuses were inherited from the prophets. There is information about this in the booklet "Tuhfat us- surur" by our compatriot, famous musician and scientist Darvish Ali Changi, who lived and worked in thefirst quarterof theXVII century. An important musical layerthat exists in themaqams isformed bycollective samples offolk oral music creativity. Surprisingly, the maqams also preserved "traces" of folk music dating back to even the most ancient examples. In particular, these traces are seen in the Maqam works "Navrozi Ajam", "Navrozi Khoro", "Navrozi Sabo", which reached us as far. On the basis of the melody ofthese works, the "most ancient exampleof folk melody" ("primary line" – G. Shenker) are clearly manifested in the lower-flow melody, which is classified in the style. This case is not for nothing, of course. Many Eastern peoples have performed certain tunes and songs on the occasion of the celebration of Navruz since the distant past. Adapted from folk traditional life as a distinctive seasonal ritual music, it is clear that this category of tunes was later incorporated intostatus systems andhad its own highly developed manifestations. Notable among the sources of the status are the "goh" (i.e., "Dugoh", "Segoh", "Choir", "foot" - shaped) melody structures. Most scholars assume that these melodies go back to the tradition of reading ancient books in certain tones, including the "goth"hymns in the "Avesto". This is followed by the fact that the word "Catheha" in Avesto later switched to Darius (Persian) in the form of "Gah", and a number of other cases are taken into account. But the latest results in ethnomusiability show that the roots of the "goh" melodies are even older than those of the hypothetical times. In particular, there are two base par – dali tone structures at the base of the song "Dugoh-Husayniy I" from the Fergana-Tashkent statuses, a Segoh instrumental melody, as well as three base-curtain tone structures in the "classification Segoh" of Shash-Maqam, "Tani https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue2,2025 681 Maqam" of the Khorezm "Segoh" Maqam. Samples of such a base-sounding melody are considered thefirst buds offolk musical thought. The most ancient history of the maqams is not actually the history of literal maqams, but rather the genius of the Kuhna period kuy layers, which are more of their origin man-bars. From the periods of formation of stylistically artistic holistic musical systems, directly the history of classical statuses also begins, based on the samples of music of this very different layer. Wedo not have specific information regarding when and in what form the initial status systems were. In this regard, Borbad (vaf. 627) creative heritage, in particular, the "7 Khusravaniyy" system, to which the ratio is given, attracts attention. Musicologist scholars speculate that the" Khusrawani " system was the basis for the later occurrence of comatose systems, which influenced theformation ofstatuses. In fact, the occurrence of benign status systems is conditioned by a certain stage in the development of personality society. In particular, the outstanding status scientist, Doctor of Arts is'hoq Rajabov writes in this regard: "statuses arose at a time when the consciousness and level of consciousness of people with a harmonious understanding of music, musical-aesthetic vision of a person rose... The formation of the status system is also closely related to the development of World Science. Eastern music scholars have identified music as related to medicine, philosophy, and mathematics". That said, the necessary factors for the emergence of status systems in the Eastern Muslim world had arisen in the 9th–10th centuries. After all, it was during these periods that the Exact Sciences devel