Ancient Written Sources of The Ode Genre

Аннотация

The article discusses one of the important issues of contemporary Karakalpak literary studies: the ode genre, its artistic oral and written sources, and the importance of written and oral sources in the development of ode genre. The article also discusses about the ancient origins of the ode genre through literary and artistic texts, plot structures, and descriptive narratives found in written heritage common to Turkic peoples, such as the “Orxon-Enisey” inscriptions, the epic of “Qorqit ata”, and the “Muhabbatnama”. It discusses the issues of considering these works as the earliest written sources in the formation of the Karakalpak ode genre. Keywords: Description, ode, descriptive exposition, enthusiastic description, literary relations, praise song, written sources. “Ode” (Arabic - purpose, intention) is a genre in Introduction: Description is one of the oldest genres in classical lyric poetry; a poem composed to praise a the history of lyric poetry, and it has traditionally been person (ruler, honored person, hero), significant event, aimed at praising kings, heroes, or exceptional acts of nature, and similar subjects, expressing their high bravery. As an example of the earliest forms of virtues and distinctive qualities. In Eastern classical description, one can cite the poems of Pindar in ancient literature, there are excellent examples of the ode Greece. “The festive odes (Dj.H: in our opinion, genre in the works of poets such as Nasir Xisraw, description) created by Pindar (518-442 BC), who Unsuriy, Anvariy, Haqaniy, Daqiqiy, Rudakiy, Saqqaniy, glorified the winners of sports competitions, laid the Lutfiy, Jamiy, Gadaiy, and Navoiy [2.384]. foundation for the emergence of the term “ode” due to their widespread popularity” [1.251]. Examples of this In Karakalpak literary studies, it is crucial to define the genre can also be found in the heroic verses of the objects of the genre’s depiction, including which types Greek poet Homer’s “Iliad”. By the time of the Western of characters are depicted and described. The earliest Renaissance, talented figures like Dante and F. Schiller specialized scholarly perspectives on this genre in had made significant contributions to the development Karakalpak literary studies belong to Q. Ayimbetov and of this genre. In Russian classical literature, M. Q. Jarimbetov. Q. Ayimbetov suggests that the origins Lomonosov and G.R. Derzhavin were masters of the of the ode genre in Karakalpak literature can be traced ode genre. Examples from ancient Greek literature, back to folklore: “The praise genre of literature is such as the odes of Pindar and Horace, are considered considered a staple repertoire of storytellers, fondly the roots and ancient sources of the ode genre in recited and read aloud. A distinctive feature of Western literature. Which literary heritage can be cited Karakalpak oral literature is the long-standing tradition as the ancient source and origin of the praise genre in of praising an eloquent speaker who excels among the the literature of Turkic peoples, including Karakalpak people, a leader who governs the people, a swift runner literature? We will discuss this issue in our article. who outpaces the flag, a wrestler who triumphs in combat, and a beauty who emerges from the In Uzbek literary studies, this genre, known as ode, is community” [3.149]. After expressing this view, he considered to have taken shape during the medieval proceeds to provide excerpts from folk songs and Renaissance period in Eastern literature. It primarily heroic epics containing praise songs. However, there is originated from the 7th century onwards, coinciding a difference between praise and descriptions in folklore with the flourishing of Persian-Tajik literature and the works and descriptive poems in written literature, in beginning of Islamic culture’s formation in the East. International Journal Of Literature And Languages 43 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijll International Journal Of Literature And Languages (ISSN: 2771-2834) their portrayal and artistic language. Descriptions in languages that have reached us, are valuable sources folklore works depict heroes, beauties, heroes’ horses, for studying the history of the Karakalpak language, as and places, and according to the requirements of well as the history of the Karakalpak people folklore poetics, they only describe the state and themselves” [5.60]. These written monuments are appearance of the hero or related objects and actions. dedicated to the ancient Turkic rulers Bilge, Qultegin, Unlike an ode or qasida with a specific purpose of and their vizier Toni Kok, and they recount the celebrating a famous person of the time and glorifying activities, statesmanship, social roles, and heroic deeds events related to their history, folklore descriptions are of these figures. The writing style resembles an not written by a poet with ceremonial intent. Even in intermediate form of poetry (prose poetry). Similar to folk s