Characteristics and Development of Individual Culture of Fergana Valley (Example of Shorabashot Agricultural Culture)

Аннотация

This article discusses the organization, geographical location, socio-political, economic conditions of the archaeological site of Shorabashot, which is located in the Fergana Valley region before the advent of Islamic civilization and is considered to belong to the ancient period of particular importance. significance in the history of the valley, the studies conducted by archaeologists are analyzed. The Shorabashot monument is an archaeologically important territory. The processes of urbanization formed here and the connections between other ancient cities are mentioned. The history of its study and information based on the findings of scientists are covered in detail. Keywords: Shorabashot, China, Fergana Valley, migration, city, arch, metal structures, ceramics, hack, soapstone, urbanization, artifact, fortification. hypothesis [2. P-34]. Introduction: The Fergana Valley is a huge space surrounded by mountains. The only western side of the METADOLOGY site is open, with a slight width adjacent to Mirzachol. Urbanization processes-the history of the emergence While the mountains around the valley keep their of cities, their role and significance in the development territory from the flow of hot and cold climates on the of society are among the most pressing issues of one hand, on the other hand, in their bosom laid the historical science. It is known that from the emergence groundwork for the beginning of the main water source of cities, they begin to occupy a special place for of Central Asia – Syrdarya. society. Without the definition of cities, it is difficult to Some finds of rare artifacts from the 3rd to 2nd imagine important stages of human development. millennia BC are known. Including the valley of the Urbanization is understood as: on the one hand, the divine material (stone amulet) made of Stone found in influence of the formation and development of cities, South - South, Khak (Khaq, Khak) and The Treasures of on the other, their development of society. In the Plato, discovered in the North. Although it has not been development of human history, the processes of clearly proven where these artifacts were made, there urbanization are not uniform in all places, and this are hypotheses that some of them may even have been process consists of several stages. The first cities of brought from Elam [1. P-14]. Undoubtedly, by this time Sumer, Elam and India appeared in the IV-III millennia life was raging in Fergana, from which, by the time, the BC, and in China - in the III-II millennia BC. In Northern first agricultural monuments can be found, which now Europe, these processes took place a little later - in the lie under thick layers of yellow soil. The findings of the middle of the 1st millennium AD [3. P-10]. Various ancient tomb of Shagim near the city of Özgan, points of view regarding the peculiarities of the early Jalalabad region of the Kyrgyz Republic, the "Libra cities of Central Asia are A.A.Asqarov, Yu.F. Buryakov, Stone" (again a stone statue from Dalvarzin, a vessel E.V. Rtveladze, V.M. Masson Yu.A. Zadneprovsky N.N. from steatite stone), which came from the city of Negmatov, T.Sh. Shirinov, A.S.Sagdullaev, Karasuv, Andijan region, can be the basis for such a B.X.Matboboev, B.J.Eshov, O'.Abdullaev, A.A.It is International Journal Of History And Political Sciences 30 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ijhps International Journal Of History And Political Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2222) reflected in the scientific research of Khakimov and can recognize that the first statehood existed in this other scientists. Urbanization processes in the IV-II region as well. It would be appropriate to note that it millennia BC have been classified in different studies was during this period that cities with state status arose into a period between two stages and eight stages. In in Central Asia, on the basis of which relatively large Particular, V.M. Masson grouped these processes into socio-political structures later appeared in the 8th-6th two stages - the ancient Eastern stage (end of the 3rd centuries BC. Similar processes can also be observed in millennium BC - mid - 1st millennium BC) as well as the the Fergana Valley. The above indicates that the ancient stage (4th century BC-4th-5th century AD). N.N. existence of a fortress-city, agricultural oases and large Ne'matov mentions eight stages covering the period monuments of their quality as cultural and economic from the earliest period (the time when the sedentary centers in Dalwarzin was an early state association. It farming lifestyle gradually developed), up to the 20th can be noted that as early as 2002 B.KH.Matboboev century. The proposed stages of urbanization processes concluded that Oasis statehood existed in the Fergana contradict each other in some cases, therefore it can be valley between the 8th and 7th centuries BC. said that they are not free from disadvantages. It can The last bronze and early Iron Age dispersal Oasis be understood that