THE QUALITY OF THE WOOL OF DROMEDARY CAMELS IN THE CONDITIONS OF KYZYL-KUM (Nukus, Uzbekistan)

Аннотация

The article presents the results of a study of the quality of wool of dromedary camels in the conditions of Kyzyl-Kum in the Republic of Karakalpakstan depending on animal constitutions. The basic parameters of the quality of the wool were studied, such as density, fineness, length of wool fibers and conclusions have been drawn. Keywords: wool, fluff, transitional hair, spine, density, fineness, length of wool fibers. Introduction. None of the types of farm animals so successfully combines such qualities as high working capacity, meatiness, milk production, wooliness and adaptability to harsh conditions of deserts and semi-deserts, like a camel [1], therefore, to increase the production of cheap high-quality meat, milk and wool these animals are bred in many countries of the world. Camel husbandry is one of the main branches of livestock farming in the Republic of Karakalpakstan, it is important in the development of vast desert territories with a sharply continental climate, providing the local population with food (meat, milk), and industry - raw materials (wool, leather). The importance of camel breeding is especially enhanced due to the intensive industrial development of the vast expanses of the Ustyurt Plateau (total area of 7.5 million hectares) specifically because of the limited possibilities for breeding dairy and beef cattle in this territory [4]. Wool has high thermal conductivity and moisture insulation properties, and there has always been a great demand in the domestic and international markets for this very raw material. Studies [2], [5], [7], and others, established that, with proper maintenance and care, camels grow well in desert and semi-desert conditions, develop and produce high-quality products at their low cost. A serious obstacle to the development of the camel husbandry is the neglect of breeding work, throughout the whole industry in the Republic of Karakalpakstan. Breeding work is one of the largest factors in the matter of mass improvement of the situation in camel breeding. Science has proven that increasing the meat and wool productivity of camels by 25-30 percent depends on the breeding work in the field and the breed of camels [6]. 79 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) In the Republic of Karakalpakstan, there is insufficient work to qualitatively improve the composition of camels. In this case, it is necessary to carry out a set of zoo technical measures that would contribute not only to the numerical growth of camels - dromedaries, but also to improve its breed qualities [4]. The aim of this work is to develop optimal methods for the production of dromedary camel wool, which helps to increase their quality of wool of different and constitutional types of animals. Research material and methods: Wool samples were taken from three animals of each group using a restrictive fork 4 cm2 in size. The natural length of pigtails, downy layer and fineness of individual types of fibers was determined according to the method of V.V. Kalinina. The experimental data were processed on a computer using the STRAZ program and the method of variation statistics described by N. A. Plokhinsky (1980). The place research carried out. The research was started in 2018 at the Nurtilek Karauzyak farm in the Karauzyak district of the Republic of Karakalpakstan. The stock of camel farms is represented mainly by single- humped camels and their hybrids. Animal farms are characterized by their typicality, high adaptability to local natural and forage conditions, without any special exterior flaws. The selection and formation of camels in groups was carried out according to the principle of analogues taking into account age (6-12 years), constitution (strong), live weight and body measurements (average for the population). The initial selection of animals was carried out from the number of one-humped in March 2018 from the number of camels which newly gave birth. Selected mother camels and other camels were marked with special paint and experimental groups were formed. The object of the study was purebred one-humped camels of different constitutional types of animals. Climatic and vegetation characteristics. According to the data of the «Buzubai» weather stations, the pasture territory of the farm where the scientific work was carried out is located in the north-eastern part of Kyzyl Kum and is characterized by a sharply continental climate. The Karakalpaksky part of Kyzyl Kum is located in the territories of two republics - Kazakhstan, and Uzbekistan. It is characterized by a specific climate. Summer is hot and dry, winters are not snowy with frosty and cold northeasterly winds. The coldest months are January, February. The average monthly temperature is -12.9 -15.0 ° C, and the hottest is July + 30 ° C. On the hottest days, the temperature can rise to + 47 ° C., And in winter drop to - 30 ° C. The average annual rainfall is 90-120 mm. The period with snow cover in the year is 25