Study of The Phenomenon of Economy in Korean And Uzbek Languages

Аннотация

This article examines the phenomenon of economy in the Korean and Uzbek languages. It explores the research works of linguists on language economy, focusing on the shortening of words, phonetic and morphological reductions. The study compares the linguistic principles of economy, highlighting different approaches in both languages, including the transformation of word forms and abbreviations. Key concepts like 줄임말 (shortened words) and 약어 (acronyms) are discussed in detail. Keywords: Economy, abbreviation, shortened forms, 줄임말, 준말, 약어, 두자어. scope of the information being conveyed. Introduction: The principle of economy in language arises from the need of the speaker (individual) to save The study of language and its changes may have begun their mental and physiological energy by shortening or during early human societies, driven by changes in omitting linguistic units, reducing the time spent on language systems and the emergence of new communication, and eliminating redundancy. vocabulary, phrases, and expressions. Linguists from Examples of this phenomenon can be seen in various periods, especially in the 11th century, such as expressions such as “Op keling” (come), “buyam” (this Mahmud Kashgari, noted the presence of shortened too), and “qong” (stay). The economy in language forms in Turkic languages. For example, Kashgari manifests in both phonetic and morphological forms. described how certain phrases were shortened, like “ol Phonetic economy includes reductions like “yirik-irik” ewge barag’an ol” (the person who continuously goes (big) or “yigit-igit” (young man), where sounds are home) and “urag’an” (hit) becoming “uran.” omitted. Morphological economy includes cases like In the 19th century, as linguistic research developed “Olib ber” (give) → “Ober” , “bizim” (our) → “bizning”, into a more scientific field, the need to analyze the and “sizing” (your) → “sizning”. reduction of linguistic units in various languages METHOD emerged. In Uzbek linguistics, the occurrence of shortened forms was noted as early as the creation of Economy in language can be categorized as either descriptive and scientific grammars of the language. linguistic or speech-related. For instance, the direction Scholars like V.N. Nalivkin, N.P. Ostroumov, A.Fitrat, case form, which initially was represented as [-qaru], and others discussed reductions in words and affixes in has today shortened to [-ga]. This is an example of Uzbek. A.N. Kononov’s research in “Grammatika linguistic economy. Shortened forms like “Olib ber” sovremennogo uzbekskogo literaturnogo yazika” (give) → “Ober” , “bizim” (our) → “bizning”, and (Grammar of Modern Uzbek Literary Language) “sizing” (your) → "sizning" are examples of speech- highlighted the issue of abbreviation and reduction. related economy. In linguistics, there is a tendency to recognize only speech-related abbreviations as V.V. Reshetov’s study "O'zbek tilining fonetikasi" (The instances of economy. Phonetics of the Uzbek Language) is considered a significant contribution to the understanding of The phenomenon of economy serves to ease phonetic reductions. His research emphasized the communication but does not negatively affect the American Journal Of Philological Sciences 130 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) reduction of vowels and consonants, with an common trends and distinct features. In both understanding that such reductions arose to make languages, linguistic economy is driven by the human pronunciation easier, thus showing a tendency toward need to optimize communication, saving time and economy in language. effort while maintaining the clarity of meaning. This is particularly evident in the process of word and affix The issue of abbreviation and reduction is also reduction. discussed in the works of contemporary Uzbek linguists such as D. Nurmonov, whose dissertation focused on In the Korean language, the phenomenon of economy phonetic reductions in the Uzbek language. R.K. manifests in two primary types of reductions: 줄임말 Kungurov and F. Abdullaev also investigated the and 약어. 줄임말 refers to the general shortening of stylistic properties of abbreviation in Uzbek, especially in the case of personal names and other expressions words or phrases, which occurs frequently in informal used in different contexts. speech, while 약어 refers specifically to abbreviations In Korean, abbreviations are classified into two formed from initial letters of words. The study shows that Korean scholars, such as Woo Min-seop (1974) and categories: 줄임말and 약어. The distinction between Seung-myung Li (1987), have categorized reductions the two is significant, as junmal refers to all forms of based on their phonetic and morphological abbreviation, while yakeo specifically refers to transformations. This distinction is important for abbreviations formed from initial letters. understanding how Korean speakers simplify their Korean linguistic rese