Uzbekistan Legal Terms of The Independence Period and Their Improvement Processes

Аннотация

This article examines the process of the improvement of Uzbek legal terminology during the years of independence, the research conducted in this regard, and their significance. It also explores the origin of legal terms, their belonging to native or borrowed layers, their classification, and investigates the phenomena of polysemy, synonymy, homonymy, and antonymy in legal terms. The article reviews the achievements and shortcomings in the process of nationalizing legal terms. Additionally, it clarifies the future tasks, the responsibilities of legal experts and linguists, and research directions in this field. Keywords: Legal terminology, years of independence, native layer, borrowed layer, classification of legal terms, synonymy of legal terms, homonymy in terms, the process of nationalizing terms, jurisprudence, linguistics, development of national language, legal language. language. As a consequence, difficulties arose for the Introduction: It is well-known that the first steps people in reading and understanding legal documents. towards the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan began with the granting of the status of the Starting from 1991, the process of nationalizing legal state language to the Uzbek language. This historic language and terminology and adapting them to the event not only enhanced the prestige of the language possibilities of the Uzbek language began. In particular, but also paved the way for conducting legal the writing of the Constitution in Uzbek and the documentation in Uzbek, creating national legal terms, adoption of legal documents in the national language and enriching them with elements of the state became decisive factors in the development of the language. This laid a crucial foundation for the country’s legal terminology. comprehensive formation of the Uzbek legal language. During this period, a number of changes were The new era, new state, and legal reforms gave a strong observed. Specifically, Russian terms were replaced impetus to the formation, development, and with their Uzbek equivalents (e.g., "sudya" instead of improvement of legal terminology. Gradually, legal "judge," "zakon" instead of "law," "pravo" instead of terms began to be adapted to the Uzbek language. This "right," and "ugolovnoye delo" instead of "criminal process required not only translation work but also the case"). New terms were created for new legal concepts, creation of entirely new terms to express new social such as "inson huquqlari" (human rights), "fuqarolik and legal relations. Prior to independence, legal terms jamiyati" (civil society), "sud hokimyati mustaqilligi" were primarily borrowed from Russian, Arabic, and (independence of the judiciary), "huquqiy davlat" (rule Persian-Tajik languages. For example, a significant of law), and "konstitutsiyaviy nazorat" (constitutional portion of the terms borrowed from Russian was used control). based on their transcription in that language, such as As stated by President Shavkat Mirziyoyev, ensuring “konstitutsiya” (constitution), “prokuratura” the rule of law in society means that citizens strictly (prosecutor’s office), and “notarius” (notary). This adhere to the law. For this, it is crucial to develop legal resulted in an artificiality that did not align with the language and its lexicon in a clear and comprehensible natural phonetics and semantic structure of the Uzbek American Journal Of Philological Sciences 178 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) way that the public can understand, with legal terms legal terms in the state language to the public. It was organized scientifically and practically. noted that “… such a need has become apparent, especially in recent years, as legal terms used in Uzbek- The adoption of the "State Language Law" in 1995 and language laws, textbooks, educational manuals, the "Legal Reform Program" in 1997, among other legal popular-science publications, and journals are being documents, accelerated the process of nationalizing used incorrectly” [2, 4]. legal terminology. Even today, the improper or incorrect use of legal Given the ongoing social changes in the world and the terms in various fields, as well as the ambiguous radical reforms in our country, which require new ways interpretation of some terms, continues to create of thinking, new ideas, and the introduction of new problems. This situation leads to diverse concepts into practice, the need to improve legal terms understandings of legal documents. has become more pressing. As stated in the “Dictionary of Legal Terms and It is important to note that the national legal terms Phrases,” the general public and students often learn have gone through several historical periods before legal terms exactly as they appear in laws, popular reaching their current state. Ruling powers have science publications, textbooks, and educational attempted to integrate their own legislation and manuals. Unfo