The Poetics of Literary Genres in Uzbek And Korean Classical Literature During the Xvii-Xix Centuries: Scientific Significance

Аннотация

This article examines the similarities and differences in the lyrical genres found within Uzbek and Korean classical literature, drawing on an analysis of the lyrical works of poets from both nations. The study explores the poetic features and stylistic characteristics that reflect the socio-political and cultural contexts of these literary traditions. Keywords: Uzbek, Korean, sijo, Joseon, genre, 17th century, Nodira, Mashrab, Sufism, concept. Introduction: The history of literature is an inseparable 4. Timurid-era literature. component of a nation’s history. The development of 5. The literature of Alisher Navoi and his period. literary arts is intrinsically linked to the broader 6. Literature of the XVII–XIX centuries. progress of society. Periodization of literature is considered a purposeful approach in literary studies, 7. Literature of the XX century. [1, 2000, p. 16] though it remains a complex issue. What serves as the In the textbook authored by Professor N. Mallaev for basis for literary periodization? Providing a definitive university students, the following stages are outlined: answer to this question is challenging. Some scholars 1. Ancient literary monuments. associate the historical stages of literature with the 2. Literature of the X–XII centuries. reigns of dynasties or rulers, while others connect them to significant historical events. Certain Uzbek scholars, 3. Literature of the XIII century and early XIV century. such as Professor N. Mallaev, argue that the history of 4. Literature from the mid-XIV century to the XVII Uzbek literature should be divided into stages based century. on, firstly, the general laws of societal development 5. Literature from the XVII century to the mid-XIX and the socio-political progress of the Uzbek people, century. and secondly, the unique characteristics of literary evolution, including the social essence and growing role 6. Literature of the second half of the XIX century and of literary works, the formation and development of early XX century. literary forms and genres, and the refinement of other Until a new textbook on the history of Uzbek classical aspects of the art of words. Professor B. Tokhliev literature is published, we find it appropriate to study proposes the following periodization of Uzbek literary Uzbek classical literature based on the stages proposed history: by N. Mallaev. The earliest literary monuments 1. Ancient literary monuments (“Avesto,” “Alpomish,” originate from the Central Asian region, reflecting the etc.). literary heritage of the Uzbek, Tajik, Turkmen, and other peoples who inhabited the area. Subsequent 2. Early medieval literature (“Kul Tegin” inscriptions, developmental stages represent literature directly etc.). created by the Uzbek people. The XVII–XIX centuries 3. Medieval literature (9th–16th centuries). mark a significant period of growth for Uzbek classical American Journal Of Philological Sciences 189 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajps American Journal Of Philological Sciences (ISSN – 2771-2273) literature, shaping a unique aesthetic and spiritual 1989, p. 45], the rhyme between “sendan” and legacy within Eastern literature. The poetics and “dardin” ensures rhythmic harmony, emphasizing the stylistic features of this era’s poetry not only reflect the Sufi theme of self-realization. These musical devices internal dynamics of literary processes but also mirror played a vital role in creating unity between form and the influence of socio-political and cultural contexts. content in Uzbek poetry. The flourishing of Sufi poetry in the XVII century, the The symbolic meanings of poetic devices in XVII–XIX expansion of secular themes in the XVIII century, and century poetry also warrant special attention. In Sufi the rise of women’s literary contributions in the XIX literature, widely used images such as “gul” (flower), century served as primary sources for the diversity of “bulbul” (nightingale), and “sham” (candle) served not poetic devices and stylistic richness in Uzbek literature. only to depict the external world but also to METHOD symbolically express internal spiritual states. In Mashrab’s poetry, the image of “devona” (madman) Poets such as Boborahim Mashrab, Turdi Faroghi, and signifies detachment from worldly life and a pursuit of Nodira stand out as prominent representatives of this divine truth, while in Turdi Faroghi’s works, natural period, enriching the poetic structure and stylistic elements like “daryo” (river) and “shamol” (wind) individuality through their works. This analysis symbolize the transience of life. For instance, his lines, scientifically examines the functional characteristics of “Daryo bo‘yida o‘tkinchi shamol, / Ko‘nglim izlar seni poetic devices and the formation of stylistic features in har bir paytda mol” [4, 1995, p. 34], use “shamol” as a Uzbek classical literature of the XVII–XIX centuries, symbol of fleeting existence. These symbolic devices evaluating their literary-aesthetic s