SEMANTIC AND LEXICOGRAPHIC ANALYSIS OF MILITARY TERMINOLOGY IN UZBEK, RUSSIAN, AND ENGLISH

Аннотация

This article examines the semantic and lexicographic characteristics of military terminology in Uzbek, Russian, and English. It explores the meanings, contextual usage, and historical influences on military terms in these languages. Additionally, it addresses the challenges of military translation and offers solutions for effective cross-linguistic communication. Keywords: Military terminology, semantic analysis, lexicographic analysis, Uzbek, Russian, English, polysemy, loanwords, standardization,abbreviations, military translation. Military terminology plays a crucial role in the effective communication and operational efficiency of armed forces. Understanding the semantic and lexicographic characteristics of military terms across different languages is essential for translation, interpretation, and cross- cultural military cooperation. This article explores the semantic and lexicographic aspects of military terminology in Uzbek, Russian, and English, highlighting their similarities, differences, andlinguisticpeculiarities. Semantic analysis examines the meanings of words and their contextual usage. Military terms often undergo semantic shifts due to historical, cultural, and technological changes. In Uzbek, Russian, and English, military terms exhibit unique characteristics influenced by linguistic structures and historical developments. Semantic and lexicographic analysis of military terminology in Uzbek, Russian, and English involves examining the meaning, usage, and translation of military terms across these languages. Below is an analysis of 100 military terms, categorized into semantic fields, with their translations and explanations inUzbek,Russian, and English. 1. General Military Terms English Uzbek Russian Semantic Analysis Refers to a large organized force armed Army Qo‘shin Армия (Armiya) for warfare. Soldier Askar Солдат(Soldat) An individual serving inan army. A person in a position of authority in the Officer Ofitser Офицер (Ofitser) military. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue2,2025 622 English Uzbek Russian Semantic Analysis A position in the hierarchy of armed Rank Unvon Звание(Zvaniye) forces. Командование Command Qo‘mondonlik The act ofdirecting military operations. (Komandovaniye) 2. WeaponsandEquipment English Uzbek Russian SemanticAnalysis A long-barreled firearm used for precision Rifle Miltiq Винтовка(Vintovka) shooting. A heavily armored fighting vehicle carrying Tank Tank Танк(Tank) guns. Missile Raketa Ракета(Raketa) Aself-propelled guided weapon system. A small explosive device thrown by hand or Grenade Granata Граната(Granata) launched. O‘q- Боеприпасы Ammunition Suppliesof bullets,shells, and other projectiles. dori (Boyepripasy) 3.Tactics andOperations English Uzbek Russian Semantic Analysis Стратегия A plan of action designed to achieve a long-term Strategy Strategiya (Strategiya) goal. The art of organizing and employing forces in Tactics Taktika Тактика (Taktika) combat. Разведка Gathering information about enemy forces or ReconnaissanceRazvedka (Razvedka) terrain. Ambush Pistirma Засада (Zasada) Asurpriseattack from a concealed position. Surrounding and blockading a location to force Siege Qamal Осада (Osada) surrender. 4.Military Ranks English Uzbek Russian Semantic Analysis General General Генерал (General) A high-ranking officerin thearmy. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue2,2025 623 English Uzbek Russian Semantic Analysis Colonel PolkovnikПолковник (Polkovnik)A seniormilitary officer rank. Captain Kapitan Капитан (Kapitan) An officer rank abovelieutenant and belowmajor. SergeantSerjant Сержант (Serzhant) A non-commissionedofficer rank. Private Safdor Рядовой(Ryadovoy) The lowest military rank. 5.Military Units English Uzbek Russian SemanticAnalysis BattalionBatalyon Батальон (Batal'on)Amilitary unittypically consisting of300-800 soldiers. A unit larger than a regiment but smaller than a Brigade Brigada Бригада (Brigada) division. Platoon Vzvod Взвод (Vzvod) Aunit of20-50soldiers led byalieutenant. Squad Bo‘linmaОтряд (Otryad) Asmall group of soldiers,usually 8-12members. Division Diviziya Дивизия (Diviziya) Alarge military unit consisting ofseveral brigades. 6.Military Operations English Uzbek Russian Semantic Analysis Invasion Bosqin Вторжение(Vtorzheniye) An act ofentering aterritory byforce. Withdrawal of forces from enemy Retreat Chekinish Отступление(Otstupleniye) contact. Развертывание Deployment Joylashtirish Movement of troops to aspecific area. (Razvertyvaniye) An attack made in response to an CounterattackQarshi hujumКонтратака(Kontrataka) enemy attack. Taslim Капитуляция Surrender The act ofyielding toan enemy. bo'lish (Kapitulyatsiya) 7.Military Technology English Uzbek Russian SemanticAnalysis An unmanned aerial vehicle used for Drone Dron Дрон(Dron) surveillance orattack. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue2,2025 624 English Uzbek Russian SemanticAnalysis A system for detecting objects using radio Radar Radar Радар (R