The translator's false friends and their types

Аннотация

A great number of terms proposed by researchers in order to name interlingual correspondences having homonymic characters confirm the complexity of the given phenomenon and the necessity to use such linguistic methods that will help to avoid ambiguity in the interpretation of interlingual homonymy category. There are words in the source and target languages that are more or less similar in form. Such words are of great interest to the translator since he is naturally inclined to take this formal similarity for the semantic proximity and to regard the words that look alike as permanent equivalents. Keywords: Interlingual homonyms, false friends, translation, classification. Nowadays, the problem of international lexicon translation is one of the most actual problems and, unfortunately, it isn't studied very well. The translator should be afraid of numerous pseudo-internationalism that can confuse even skillful specialists and completely distort the sense of the statement; he also is faced with some difficulties connected with the choice between preservation of the international form and selection of some equivalent of a native or foreign language. In this work we tried to touch upon some widespread mistakes trapping the translator in the process of 14 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) his work with such kind of lexicon; we also tried to explain some reasons for their occurrence and the way to avoid these mistakes. The linguistic term false friends or false cognates describes confusing word pairs occurring in two or more different languages, which have the same or very similar form but different meaning. These words developed mostly from classical languages that mean that all of them have the same origin but their semantic meaning rapidly changed over the years, so they are no longer considered to be polysemous. The difference between these word pairs can be observed not only in the semantic meaning but also in spelling, pronunciation, or grammatical category [1]. False friends can cause many difficulties to a language used when learning a foreign language, they can provide linguistic traps in which a non- native speaker can unknowingly fall. Wrong use of a false friend can result in mistakes in translations, misunderstandings, confusion, or even embarrassment and hilarious situations. It is undeniable that these words can be erroneously expressed by non-native speakers, as well native speakers because of the fact that they can occur in various dialects of the same language [2]. This phenomenon of false friends existing in one language is called intralingual false friends. On the other hand, false friends are not always considered to be linguistic obstacles which can cause non-native speakers unpleasant issues. For some authors, false friends represent original opportunities, they use them in order to make their texts more interesting, they allow them to make for example puns, as well as homophones [3]. These are just common false friends regardless of their shared scope of meaning, etymology, graphic or phonetic features. Rather systematic and wide studying of similar interlingual correspondence has begun in 1928 with the works of M. Kessler and Z. Derkony based on the materials of French-English and the English-French parallels. They also introduced the term "faux amis du traducteur" ("translator's false friends"). Nowadays this term is standard and is in common use. Two types of "translator's false friends" are defined: 1) "completely false" with similar spelling and different semantics; 2) "partially false" with similar spelling and with general semantics. The compound term "Translator's false friends" is used in the works that mainly connected with problems of translation. Some differential dictionaries that after M. Kessler and Z. Derkony began to be named as dictionaries of "translator's false friends" were published in Russia some years ago" [4]. Emphasizing distinctions between the concepts of "translator's false friends" and "interlingual homonymy", V.V. Akulenko marks that "a 15 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) significant place among "translator's false friends" is occupied by some cases of interlingual homonymy and paronymy". It is considered to be that the concept of "translator's false friends" is much wider than the concepts of "interlingual homonyms" and "interlingual paronyms": it includes in its structure all lexical units which can cause wrong associations interlingual homonyms, interlingual paronyms, etymological doublets, etc. That is the opinion of some researchers [5]. However, some linguists use both of the terms, with no differentiating of their semantics So, R.A. Hudagov, having named his article "Translator's false friends" according to names of dictionaries which data he analyzes, he marks: "interlingual homonyms, words that sound similar but have different meanings are usually called "Translator's false friends" [6. 3-9]. J