The Influence of Efficiency of Various Schemes of Grain Crops Rotations on Rainfed Conditions of Uzbekistan

Аннотация

The use of minimal and resource-saving soil cultivation technology improves its properties, rainfed areas are used especially effectively, and the yield and quality of grain increases. In this regard, through the effective use of soil moisture, maintaining soil fertility and increasing the yield of grain crops. The use of an optimal system of main and pre-sowing tillage is the most important and decisive agrotechnical measure for obtaining stable and high yields of grain and other products in rainfed farming conditionsThe use of minimal and resource-saving soil cultivation technology improves its properties, rainfed areas are used especially effectively, and the yield and quality of grain increases. In this regard, through the effective use of soil moisture, maintaining soil fertility and increasing the yield of grain crops. The use of an optimal system of main and pre-sowing tillage is the most important and decisive agrotechnical measure for obtaining stable and high yields of grain and other products in rainfed farming conditions. Keywords: Rainfed farming, soil, crop rotation, resource-saving technology, tillage, zero tillage, flat cutter, soil density, clean fallow, precipitation, productive stems, number of weeds, amount of grain, yield, economic efficiency. clearly manifested: periodic precipitation and the Introduction: Relevance of the topic. The use of an presence of two hydrothermal phases - a wet, warm optimal system of main and pre-sowing tillage is the spring and a dry, hot summer. As the area rises above most important and decisive agrotechnical measure for sea level, the air temperature improves, the biomass of obtaining stable and high yields of grain and other plants increases and the intensity of microbiological products in rainfed farming conditions. processes noticeably decreases. Currently, the area of rainfed arable land in Uzbekistan The average annual precipitation in the lower part of is more than 750 thousand hectares and the main crops the rainfed region varies between 250-400 mm (plain of grains, legumes and other crops are located on gray and plain-hilly zones) and in the upper zone from 400 soils, occupying the territory between altitudes from to 600 mm or more (foothill and mountain zones). 200 to 1500-1800 m above sea level. In all vertical zones, specific features of climatic conditions are Through many years of research carried out in the 60- American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 18 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) 70s at the former Uzbekistan Research Institute of creation of higher moisture reserves. Rainfed Agriculture, a system for cultivating rainfed The grain yield of wheat coming after chickpeas for all soils was developed (G.A. Lavronov, V.I. Korobov, 1969, years of research was higher than the control variant by 1979, etc.). This tillage system primarily involves annual 0.38 t/ha (151%) and the second wheat in pure fallow. moldboard plowing of the soil at a depth of 20-22 cm. The average wheat grain yield for a three-field grain- However, in their opinion, in some conditions, fallow crop rotation was 1.13 t/ha, which is 0.08 t/ha especially with the introduction of scientifically based lower than for a two-field crop rotation. The efficiency schemes of grain-fallow crop rotation, minimal of pure fallows was as high as in two-field crop rotation. moldboard-free cultivation with flat-cutting and disk The average wheat grain yield in pure fallow for 7 implements is not inferior in efficiency to moldboard rotations of three-field crop rotation was 1.39 t/ha, plowing by 20-22 cm and can reduce production costs which is 193% higher than monocultures. Chickpeas in by almost 1.5-2 times. this crop rotation scheme were also a good Currently, research on the development and predecessor for wheat, providing an average increase improvement of soil protection systems for the in grain yield of 0.33 t/ha. treatment of rain-fed gray soils has been carried out Direct sowing of wheat seeds, “Zero technology” (no extremely poorly. till) without main treatment with direct sowing of In this regard, we studied the effectiveness of multi- winter and spring wheat seeds in the soil with a Turkish depth tillage systems using minimal and “Zero “AGROLEAD” seeder provided an increase in grain yield technology” (no till) without main tillage with direct of 0.8 c/ha or 111% compared to the control option. sowing of winter and spring wheat seeds into the soil Based on three years of research, the following with a Turkish seeder “AGROLEAD” and their effect on conclusions can be drawn: the yield of winter wheat in the links of grain-fallow