New Varieties of Chickpea in Rainfed Fields

Аннотация

The article presents the results of research on the development of new local varieties of chickpea adapted to unfavorable soil and climatic conditions in rainfed lands. These varieties are resistant to drought, heat, diseases, and pests, while also being high-yielding. The study highlights the importance of incorporating economically efficient leguminous crops into crop rotation systems to maintain and improve soil fertility, thereby increasing production. Additionally, the research describes the development of early-maturing, drought- and disease-resistant chickpea varieties with 15–20% higher yield and protein content compared to the standard variety. The study also covers the initial seed production of promising chickpea varieties recommended for cultivation in rainfed areas. Keywords: Crop, chickpea, legume, grain, variety, sample, row, hybrid, selection, crossing, standard, disease, yield, increase, seed production, quality. for large-scale cultivation. This ensures the renewal of Introduction: According to data from the international seed stocks, which, according to academician Gulyayev FAO (STAT) organization, the leading countries in G.V. (1991), should be done as quickly as possible for chickpea production worldwide are India (8,832.5 ha) maximum efficiency. and Australia (813.3 ha). Dencic S. and S. Borojevic (1991) argued that high yields In Uzbekistan, the Asian type of chickpea is widely are not achieved solely by frequent irrigation or cultivated. Its origin is considered to be Southwest Asia fertilization but also by selecting varieties best adapted (specifically between Greece and Iran) and Asia Minor. to specific climatic conditions. According to Dekondol, it spread to India at a later stage. In Uzbekistan, interspecific hybridization in chickpea breeding has shown great success when using tall, Ramakrichna V. and Chatrath M.S. (1988) studied the drought-resistant, and Ascochyta blight-tolerant local introgression of genes from the wild species Cicer and imported varieties. This was acknowledged in reticulatum into the cultivated species Cicer arietinum. scientific studies by K.E. Eshmirzayev (1996). Through 1-3 rounds of backcrossing between ICC 8923 (“Kabuli” type) and TZ (“Desi” type) varieties, they According to research by I. Ernazarov (2012), in the managed to reduce undesirable traits. The resulting rainfed fields of Kashkadarya region, chickpea has hybrids demonstrated resistance to Ascochyta blight proven to be a good predecessor crop for cereal crops, disease. increasing their yield by 50-60%. During the selection process, new varieties suitable for Based on the analysis of the reviewed literature, different conditions are developed and recommended incorporating chickpea, a leguminous grain crop, into American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 21 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) crop rotation systems with cereals in rainfed areas quintals higher per hectare compared to the control plays a crucial role in improving soil fertility and variety. increasing net income per hectare. Moreover, selecting Results from the Competitive Variety Test Field. In this initial genetic sources for breeding high-yielding experiment, 16 pea variety samples were studied over varieties resistant to abiotic and biotic stress factors, as 25 m² plots with 4 replications, totaling 64 plots over well as improving agronomic practices for these new three years. Yulduz variety was used as the control. varieties, remains one of the most urgent tasks in Observations and analyses were conducted based on modern agriculture. valuable characteristics and traits for agricultural use METHODS (Figure 1). In the central experimental farm of the Rainfed Growth Period. According to the three-year research Agriculture Research Institute, the Laboratory of results, the growth period of pea varieties and lines Genetics, Breeding, and Seed Production of ranged from 73 to 84 days on average. The growth Leguminous Crops conducted studies on newly period of the Yulduz variety was 80 days on average selected chickpea varieties and lines alongside local over three years, while the Lazat variety matured 7 varieties during the 2020–2022 breeding stages. days earlier and the Uzbekistan-32 variety matured 2 days earlier compared to the control. All agronomic practices were carried out based on the recommendations and methodologies developed by Plant Height. This indicator varied over the three years the Gallaorol Scientific Experimental Station of RARI in due to different weather conditions, planting times, 1994. Phenological observations and field and and the early maturity group classifications of the laboratory evaluations were conducted following the varieties. Specifically, in 2020, due to higher annual guidelines established by the State Commission for rainfall compared to other research years, all varieties Crop Variety Tes