Amplification of the dreb2a transcription factor gene from salsola richteri (moq.) Kar. Ex litv. Growing in the southern Aralkum

Аннотация

This study investigates halophytic plants of the genus Salsola L., which are widely spread in the southern part of the Aralkum Desert. During the research, a PCR product of approximately 1200 bp associated with the DREB2A gene was amplified in one of the species, Salsola richteri. This gene plays a key role in plant adaptation to drought and salt stress. The obtained data will be used for sequencing the DREB2A gene and analyzing its expression. Keywords: Salsola richteri, DREB2A, transcription factor, salt tolerant plants, primer. 3, 5]. Introduction: Salsola richteri is a shrub or a small tree ranging from 1 to 3 meters in height. In its young stage, Karakalpak scientists studied the growth and it is covered with finely tuberculate (or papillose) development of S. richteri under the ecological leaves, which later become leafless. The stem is weakly conditions of the Karakalpak part of the Kyzylkum branched, with smooth gray bark, up to 5 cm thick at Desert from 2014 to 2018. Fruiting of S. richteri began the base, and its woody branches soon acquire a milky- as early as the first year of life, in the third decade of white color [1]. This species is promising for June. Fruits were mainly formed on fourth-order phytoremediation practices due to its good growth on shoots, with the number of fruits per shoot ranging sandy soils, high seed productivity, ability to propagate from 16 to 38 and the number of leaves from 14 to 40. by seeds and cuttings, and tolerance to significant Fruiting depended on the age of the shrubs; in the salinity. Its powerful root system makes it effective for second year of cultivation, a single shrub could produce sand stabilization [4, 5]. The high protein content and between 3,000 and 6,000 seeds [5]. the formation of substantial organic mass with S. richteri belongs to the groups of euhalophytes and economical water use allow S. richteri to be utilized as hemixerophytes, which are adapted to soils with a a valuable forage plant for autumn-winter pastures [2, moderate level of salinity (1.8–2.3%; Cl 0.1–0.23%— American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations 28 https://theusajournals.com/index.php/ajahi American Journal Of Agriculture And Horticulture Innovations (ISSN: 2771-2559) chloride-sulfate and sulfate salinization or 1.3–1.8%; Cl family, which bind to the dehydration-responsive 0.1–0.23%—sulfate-chloride and chloride salinization). element (DRE)/C-repeat in the promoter regions of This species is capable of successfully growing in such stress-resistance genes. The DRE cis-element, located soils, maintaining its dominant position in the near the promoter regions of stress-associated genes, phytocenosis even as salinity levels decrease. It forms serves as the binding site for DREB transcription plant associations and formations over vast areas that factors, which regulate osmotic stress in plants. have been exposed after water receded. In his Drought and high salinity levels induce the expression research, S. G. Sherimbetov analyzed the chemical of the DREB2 gene, which plays a key role in regulating composition of plants found in the desiccated regions abiotic stress-responsive genes. of the Aral Sea. Among the studied halophytes The expression of OsDREB2A in Oryza sativa is (Climacoptera aralensis, Kalidium capsicum, enhanced under salt stress and dehydration, but the Halostachys belangeriana, Salsola richteri, Haloxylon gene exhibits low sensitivity to low temperatures and aphyllum, Tamarix hispida), a high content of minerals abscisic acid (ABA) [9]. Similarly, in Zea mays, the such as Ca, Cl, K, Mg, and Na was observed. transcript level of ZmDREB2A increases under high- The plant Salsola drummondii Ulbr., belonging to the temperature stress. Arabidopsis thaliana demonstrates genus Salsola L., is capable of successfully growing and DREB2A activation primarily in response to drought and completing its life cycle under high salinity conditions salt stress [10]. (500–800 mM NaCl). This plant adapts to salt stress by The aim of the study is to design a new primer for reducing the level of photosynthetic pigments, obtaining the full DREB2A gene sequence from S. decreasing carotenoid content, and increasing the richteri, a plant from the Chenopodiaceae family. activity of antioxidant enzymes [6]. Based on the genes METHODS of Salsola iberica, which are responsible for resistance to abiotic stress factors, a bank of expressed sequence As research objects, plant biomaterials of S. richteri tags (EST—Expressed Sequence Tag) was created to collected from the Southern Aralkum in 2021 were analyze the molecular mechanisms of adaptation. This used. The plant materials were identified by staff of the bank included 377 ESTs, which were grouped into 227 Institute of Botany, Academy of Sciences of the unique fragments. Similarities were found between S. Republic of Uzbekistan. iberica ESTs and stress-resistance genes, including salt- Total DNA was extracted from the leaves of t