OPTIMAL METHODS OF TREATMENT OF PURULENT-INFLAMMATORY PROCESSES OF MAXILLOFACIAL REGION

Аннотация

This article covers the issue of purulent-inflammatory pathologies of the maxillofacial region, as well as the factors that cause them and possible complications. The author analyzes effective treatment options, including the use of drugs and surgery. The importance of prevention and oral hygiene is emphasized. The article will be interesting and useful for dentists and medical professionals, as well as for readers interested in health problems andself-treatment. Keywords: purulent-inflammatory diseases, maxillofacial region, odontogenic abscesses, phlegmons, diagnosis, virulence of microflora, microcirculation, antimicrobial resistance, sepsis, inflammatory processes. Relevance. Purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region (PFD of the maxillofacial region) remain one of the most widespread and complex problems of modern surgical dentistry and maxillofacial surgery, the main cause of intracranial complications and septic conditions, temporary disability among the population. Despite the fact that primary prevention of GVHD of the maxillofacial region, consisting in timely sanation of chronic odontogenic infection foci, is the most effective, early diagnosis and treatment can reduce the risk ofthemostserious complications ofGVHD ofthemaxillofacial region [3,8]. Acute purulent-inflammatory diseases (APPD) remain one of the most widespread types of pathology. This issue is problematic for dentistry where, despite the development of a large number of means and methods of combating acute purulent infection, there is also an increase in theincidence of acute purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region and an increase in the number of patients with severe forms and unfavorable outcomes (Shargorodskiy A.G., 2001; Prokhvatilov G.I. et al., 2003; Kozlov V.A., 2006, etc.). Treatment of patients with OGVZ should be complex, including operative treatment and conservative measures. The latter are conditionally subdivided into general and local effects. General therapy is necessary to combat infection and intoxication, restore the balance between the body and the environment, activation of nonspecific and specific reactivity of the body, normalization of the functions of organs and systems. Local treatment in the acute phase of inflammation is carried out tocreate an outflow of pus and exudate from the purulent focus, accelerate necrolysis, limit the zone of inflammation and necrosis spread, reduce intra-tissue pressure, resorption of decay products, as well as to normalize microcirculation, improve regeneration and create unfavorable conditions for microorganisms [1]. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue2,2025 549 The relevance of this scientific study lies in the fact that acute odontogenic inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region (MFR) represent an important medical problem in surgical dentistry. The frequency of inflammatory processes in the maxillofacial region ranges from 55, 65%, and in the structure of acute purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region reaches 69.5% [7]. The problem of optimization of complex treatment of patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases (PID) of the maxillofacial region (MFR) does not lose its relevance due to the aggravation of the course of the disease, the tendency to generalization of the process and the steady increase in morbidity rates, the number of complications, relapses and adverse outcomes. According to statistical data, patients with purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region make up about 15-20% of patients applying to dental polyclinics and more than 70% of patients receiving specialized medical care in departments of maxillofacial surgery. Patients hospitalized with the diagnosis of abscess or phlegmon account for 25% to 65% of the total numberofpatients [3,4, 6]. Thus, purulent-inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region are a serious problem that requires correct and timely treatment. Optimal treatment includes drug therapy and surgical intervention, as well as prophylaxis consisting of oral hygiene, regular check-ups with a dentist andahealthy lifestyle. Materials and methods of research. During 2021-2024, 285 patients with purulent- inflammatory diseases of the maxillofacial region were under our observation in the maxillofacial surgery department of the Bukhara Regional Multidisciplinary Medical Center. On admission to the department all patients were examined by a surgeon-dentist and maxillofacial surgeon on duty, a detailed history of life and disease was collected. General clinical laboratory tests required for emergency care were performed on the patients. The operation plan was made together with anesthesiologists, if necessary, with other profile specialists in the presence of concomitant diseases. Additional specialized investigations were performed when indicated. If thepatient's condition was severe, infusion therapy was carried out before surgery to stabilize the function