HISTORICAL PROCESSES THAT TOOK PLACE IN THE BRONZE AGE SOCIETY IN THE CULTURAL AND ECONOMIC AREAS OF UZBEKISTAN (END OF THE 3RD MILLENNIUM BC - FIRST HALF OF THE 2ND MILLENNIUM BC).

Аннотация

В статье рассматривается история эпохи бронзы, социально-экономические и этнокультурные отношения общества (вторая половина 3 тыс. до н.э. — первая четверть второйполовины2тыс.до н.э.) наисторико-географических территориях Узбекистана. Ключевые слова: Каракудук,Анкакала,Тозабогёб,Каскаджал,Кукча-3. Annotation: The article covers the history of the Bronze Age, socio-economic and ethnocultural relations of society (second half of the 3rd millennium BC - first quarter of the second half of the 2ndmillennium BC)in thehistorical and geographical territories ofUzbekistan. Keywords:Karakuduk, Ankakala, Tozabogyob, Kaskajal, Kokcha-3. INTRODUCTION. The changes in socio-economic and ethno-cultural relations that took place in the cultural-economic areas of Uzbekistan during the Bronze Age are divided into early, advanced and late stages in the publications of researchers [1, p. 53]. It is difficult to trace the opinions of researchers on the issue of what factors led to the division into these chronological historical periods. In fact, the importance of the economic traditions of the Eneolithic period in the development of socio-economic and ethno-cultural relations that took place within the Bronze Age society was preserved. The processes of development of society took place under the influence of the geographical environment, climatic conditions and anthropogenic landscape. In our opinion, the logical conclusion that arose on the basis of a theoretical and comparative analysis of historical data recorded in archaeological literature is that, taking into account the meaning of historical processes that took place in the Bronze Age, it is possible to divide them intotwo historical stages: 1st stage. BC. The middle of the 3rd millennium - to the first quarter of the second half of the 2ndmillennium. Stage 2. From the first quarter of the second half of the 2nd millennium - the end of the 2nd millennium. The aim is to shed light on the extent to which the process of development of socio- economic and ethnic-cultural relations in the cultural and economic areas of Uzbekistan took place at thefirst stage. LITERATURE REVIEW. Since the mid-30s of the 20th century, the employees of the Khorezm expedition have been working on archaeological monuments Anqaqal'a-1, Teshik-1,2, left by the settled population in the right and left bank areas of the Lower Amu Darya region as a result of the activities of the Amu Darya River. The objects obtained as a result of partial excavations date back to the 2nd millennium BC, and this cultural Tozabogyob culture was recorded in the history of Khorezm [2, p. 32]. Thus, the 2nd millennium (Bronze Age) laid the https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue2,2025 514 foundation for the beginning of the science of historiography, which includes information such as agriculture, animal husbandry, the formation of the mother clan, and the formation of tribal unions. According to the results of geological processes, the diversity of the surface of Uzbekistan is manifested by regions favorable for farming, such as Ustyurt, Khorezm, Zarafshan, Tashkent, Ferganaand Surkhandarya [3, p.5]. The above-mentioned historical and geographical regions are geographically unified, but do not repeat each other in terms of surface diversity, which has retained its meaning in the present day. For example, when describing the surface of the territory of Uzbekistan, the geographical landscape of the Ustyurt plateau has a broader meaning, distinguishing it from neighboring regions. For example, the Ustyurt region was a landmass 10-30 million years ago, and its area was 200,000 km2, of which 70. 3 thousand km2 was connected with the Republic of Karakalpakstan [4, p. 111-113]. The surface of the region formed as a result of underground fluctuations of Ustyurt is not rich in flora and fauna, there is only groundwater, and also on the basis of the gift of nature, humanity settled and left its cultural traces. Ye. As a result of archaeological research conducted by B. Bijanov in Ustyurt, it was found that the settlements of the Stone Age (Yesen-2,3, Karakuduk, Churuk) served the interests of mankind. [5. p. 8-21]. Also, the researcher's publications show that the Stone Age hunters continued economic and cultural relations in the Mesolithic, Neolithic (Isatoy-3, Churuk-1,4, Kaskajal, Oktumsuk) and BronzeAges, dueto thefavorable ecological situation. As a result of the development of the area of ​ ​ the left bank of Mount Sultan Uvays, which is geographically connected to the Ustyurt region, as a result of the cultural layer of the Burli-3 open-type settlement, ethnic relations were traced to the Late Stone Age, the Mesolithic and Early Neolithic periods, from the end of the 7th millennium BC to the middle of the 5th millennium BC. N. U. Kholmatov noted that the objects obtained during excavations at the Jonbos-4 settlement with a wooden pillar on the side of the Jonbos-Qala hill, which was formed as a result of the activit