THE CONCEPT OF LINGUISTIC COMPETENCE AND ITS COMPONENTS

Аннотация

This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the concept of linguistic competence and its components. Linguistic competence is a person's ability to use language correctly and effectively, which includes phonetic, lexical, grammatical, pragmatic and discourse competencies. The article highlights the content and significance of each component and analyzes methods for developing linguistic competence. The influence of modern educational methods on this process is considered, and the effectiveness of interactive approaches is substantiated. Keywords: linguistic competence, phonetic competence, lexical competence, grammatical competence, pragmatic competence. Language learning and the formation of linguistic knowledge play an important role in the modern educational process. Especially today, when globalization processes are accelerating and scientific and technological development has reached a high level, the concept of linguistic competence is widely discussed in the field of education. Linguistic competence is a complex concept that includes not only the grammatically and lexically correct use of the language, but also the ability to use it effectively in real communication. The formation of such competence requires different approaches in the learning process. The term linguistic competence has become important in the education system, especially in teaching a foreign language, with the development ofthe communicativeapproach. Whilein traditional educational methods, language knowledge is taught mainly based on grammar, modern approaches consider language as a means of communication. Thus, linguistic competence includes not only knowledge based on rules, but also the ability to use them correctly in practical life, to choose appropriate words and phrases in different contexts, andto communicate taking intoaccount cultural factors. In the process of forming this competence, language learners must master not only grammatical aspects, but also phonetic, lexical-semantic and pragmatic aspects. Because being able to speak a foreign language fluently or communicate at ahigh level in theirnative language is not limited to knowing grammatical rules alone. For example, pronouncing a language correctly, understanding how word combinations are used in context, and taking into account the cultural and social aspects of speech are also important. The importance of linguistic competence is that it plays an important role not only in learning foreign languages, but also inmastering one's native language. Because a person's thinking, speech culture and social communication skills directly depend on the level of language proficiency. For example, a person with high linguistic competence can clearly and fluently express their thoughts, correctly interpret the text they have read or heard, and adapt to different styles during communication.In today's education system, communicative and interactive methods are widely used to develop linguistic competence. In particular, students' linguistic competence can be increased through role-playing games, discussions, thematic conversations, written assignments and multimedia tools. Because such methods allow students to adapt to real-life situations, increase their activity and make the language learning process more interesting. It should also be noted that linguistic competence is not limited to the educational process, but is also of great importance in various aspects of social life. For example, in the fields of diplomacy, journalism, international business and scientific research, a high level https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue2,2025 455 of linguistic competence directly affects the success of a specialist. After all, mastering the terminology and speech culture specific to each field, being clear and understandable in the communication process, and establishing intercultural dialogue correctly are among the most importantskills oftoday's specialists. Linguistic competence is an important factor determining a person's ability to communicate in modern society, and its development is one of the priority tasks in the educational process. Learning a language is not only about memorizing rules and vocabulary, but also about being able to use it correctly and effectively. Therefore, it is necessary to develop systematic approaches to theformation and development oflinguistic competence in theeducational process, introduceinnovativemethods, and constantlyimprove thepedagogical process. Linguistic competence is one of the central concepts of modern linguistics and pedagogical research, and includes a person's ability to use language. This competence covers factors such as language knowledge, communication skills, semantic thinking, and understanding of the cultural context. Today, the issues of teaching foreign languages, improving the effectiveness of communication in the nativelanguage, and developing linguisticcompetence in general occupy a special place in the educa