THE GREAT WISDOM AND LESSON OF USING THE VERSES OF THE SURAH "AN-NAHL" FROM THE HOLY QUR'AN AS A CONCEPTUAL BASIS IN THE DECORATION OF THE SHERDAR MADRASAH

Аннотация

In this article, the translation and classification of the epigraphic inscriptions of the Sherdar madrasa, one of the monuments in the Registan complex in Samarkand, is described as an important place in the logical study of our great cultural heritage and its promotion. Keywords: nahl, sura, Sherdar madrasa, hattolik, epigraphy, types of letters, peshtoq, Arabic script, suls, Kufic, toqi, bouquet, architecture, idea, rabat, symbol, emblem, pattern, room, divine,blue color, logic, geometric, decoration. The beauty and charm of the Samarkand Sogdian are so famous that there is no need to argueaboutit. HafizAbru 1 For centuries, Samarkand has been famous for its unique historical monuments and beautiful architectural monuments. It is natural that tourists visiting this ancient city, along with the magnificent and colorful patterns of the monuments, are also interested in the inscriptions on their facades. It is extremely interesting for both our compatriots and tourists to know what these inscriptionsmean. The famous Chilean poet Pablo Neruda wrote: "I was especially fascinated by the Registan. This architectural ensemble is more beautiful than all the monuments I have seen in the entire Muslim East. It testifies tothe high culture of thepeoples ofCentral Asia"2. Each of the dynasties that ruled Uzbekistan contributed to shaping its architectural style in its time. Most of the historical monuments have not been preserved or have been completely 1Samarkand.ForewordbyV.A.Bulatova,G.V.Shishkina.–T.,G.GhulamLiteratureandArtPublishingHouse, 1986.19–p. 2Neruda. Yellowed pages. 52-6. Uzbekistan offenses: Samarkand. Registon // Toshkent: "Uzbekistan Today" AA, 2015.-368p. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue2,2025 248 rebuilt.3. For example, one of the first researchers of the architectural monuments of Samarkand and Bukhara (including the unique inscriptions in them), the young reformer Muso Saidjanov, wrote as early as 1929: “The inscriptions on the monuments of Samarkand and Bukhara are an unread book, they contain a lot of historical information from different eras, and such unique rules cannot befound in othersources, including manuscripts”4. In Uzbekistan, the architectural decorations of the Middle Ages are another opportunity to understand our identity, roots, past, and spiritual history of our ancestors, which is clearly reflected not only in architectural monuments, but also in masterpieces of art, especially in amazingexamples ofcalligraphy called epigraphy5. The use of "epigraphy" (Greek - writing) in architecture was carried out based on the religious beliefs and views of the respective region or nation. Epigraphy (Greek - writing) is the inscriptions (inscriptions) on solid objects - stone, metal, ceramic, etc. Epigraphic inscriptions were made bycalligraphers (Fig. 1). Figure 1. Inscription at the entrance to the tomb of Qusam ibn Abbas. The Prophet, peace be upon him, who was from the Hashemite dynasty, the Quraysh tribe, and a native of Mecca and Medina, said: "Among people, Qusam ibn Abbas is the most similar to me in appearance and character". Calligraphy is the art of writing (calligraphy) in Arabic, the profession of copying books and creating inscriptions for architectural structures and artistic works. The emergence of writing has resulted in6. Three famous rulers in history - Amir Temur, Ulugbek Mirzo, and Amir Yalangtosh Bahadur - transformed Samarkand into the "Gem of the Earth" with the architectural monuments they built. Amir Temur turned Samarkand into the capital and began the construction of a series of magnificent buildings, while Registan Square, considered the heart of the city, was created during the reign of Ulugbek Mirzo. (At that time, this square was called "Sardavonak", which roughly means "Sari joyi davonak" - "Head of a fast-flowing stream"). Ulugbek created a unique bouquet of monumentson thissquare, consisting of three buildings: a madrasah, a khanaqoh, and acaravanserai7. 3MonumentsofUzbekistan:Inscriptions.Bukhara.Part1.T.:“Uzbekistohtoday”2016,p.17. 4SaidjanovM.HistoricalmonumentsofBukhara."Registan"-EducationandTeacher.1929.No.1-2.Page3. 5MasterpiecesofInscriptionsintheMonumentsofUzbekistan."ForumofCultureandArtofUzbekistan", Tashkent,2011.p.9 6SaipovaM.S.Symbolism.(Textbook),"Fanandtechnologicalpublishinghouse"2021.84pages. 7BulatovS.S.,PulatovaM.ThePhilosophyoftheUniverseinBeauty.(Monograph).T.:"Economy-Finance".2013. p.39. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue2,2025 249 The famous Chilean poet Pablo Neruda wrote: "I was especially fascinated by the Registan. This architectural complex is more beautiful than all the monuments I have seen in the entire Muslim East. It testifies tothe high culture of thepeoples ofCentral Asia"8. During his time, Yalangtosh Bahadur also built the Sherdor and Tillakori madrasas on the site of the ruined khanaqoh and caravanserai, without destroying the structure of this architectural complex built by Ulugbek. It is wort