“MYCOBACTERIUM TUBERCULOSISNING O'ZIGA XOS XUSUSIYATLARINI O'RGANISH”

Аннотация

This article presents scientific research and information on the morphological, physiological, pathogenic, structural structure of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, methods of correct diagnosis, and ways to combat the pathogen. 179 Synapses: Insights Across the Disciplines SYNAPSES: Insights Across the Disciplines Volume 2, Issue 4 All these studies and research were conducted at the Turk-Lab-Med “KANI- LAB” laboratory center established in the Turkish-Uzbek cooperation in Surkhandarya region and at the “Microbiology” training laboratory of Termez State University. As a result of these studies, pathological microorganisms belonging to the Mycobacteria family were studied in modern and scientific laboratories in the city of Termez, and diagnostic and comparative analysis of various diseases caused by them were carried out. In particular, mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis, was studied in laboratory conditions and its specific characteristics were determined and analyzed. Keywords: Mycobacterium tuberculosis, microbiology, Mycobacterium orygis, actinomycetes, enzymes, antibiotics, antioxidants, taxonomy. MAQOLANING DOLZARBLIGI. Ma'lumki, mikrobiologik tekshirish natijalariga asoslangan holda yuqumli kasalliklarga aniq tashxis qo'yish mumkin. Bunda shu kasalliklarga sabab boʻlgan mikrob sof holda ajratib olinib, uning hamma xususiyatlari oʻrganib chiqiladi. Hozirgi kunda yer yuzida turli xil kasalliklar ortib borishi sababli bu kasalliklarni aniqlash, bakteriologik laboratoriyalarda tekshirish va ularga to’g’ri tashxis qo’yish kabi muammolar insonning salomatligiga bo’lgan e’tiborni yanada kuchaytirishga olib keladi. Ayniqsa tuberkulyoz kasalligini keltirib chiqaruvchi mycobacterium tuberculosisning dunyo miqyosida kundan kunga oshib borishi, bu kasallikka to’g’ri tashxis qo’yish va xususiyatlarini o’rganish juda dolzarb va ahamiyatlidir. Mycobacterium tuberculosis kompleksining (MTBC – M. tuberculosis complex) bir a’zosi bo’lgan mycabacterium tuberculosis bir qancha bakteriyalar guruhiga aloqador va bu mikroorganizmlar odam va hayvonlarda patogenlik qiladi. Mycobacterium tuberculosis – asosan odamlarda uchraydi. Mycobacterium bovis – chorva hayvonlarida (sigir, echki), lekin odamlarga ham yuqishi mumkin. Mycobacterium africanum – asosan G‘arbiy Afrikada odamlarda uchraydi. Mycobacterium microti – kemiruvchilarda. Mycobacterium caprae – echkilarda. 180 Synapses: Insights Across the Disciplines SYNAPSES: Insights Across the Disciplines Volume 2, Issue 4 Mycobacterium pinnipedii – dengiz hayvonlarida. Mycobacterium orygis, Mycobacterium mungi, Mycobacterium suricattae va boshqalar – hayvonlarga xos turlar. Bu kabi patogen turlarni o’rganish va ularga qarshi kurashish usullarini topish bu maqolaning dolzarbligini yanada oshiradi. ISHNNING MATERIALLARI VA UNI BAJARISH USULLARI. Aktinomitsetallar odatda gram-musbat va anaerob bo'lib, filamentli va dallanadigan o'sish tartibida mitseliyaga ega. Ba'zi aktinomitsetlar novda yoki koksoid shaklidagi shakllarni hosil qilishi mumkin, boshqalari esa havo gifalarida spora hosil qilishi mumkin. Aktinomitsetales bakteriyalari bakteriofaglar tomonidan yuqishi mumkin, ular aktinofaglar deb ataladi. Aktinomitsetallar zararsiz bakteriyalardan antibiotiklarga chidamli patogenlargacha bo'lishi mumkin. Aktinomisetlar erkin yashovchi gram-musbat mitseliy bakteriyalar bo'lib, ular 20 000 dan ortiq bioaktiv mikroorganizmlarni va 160 mikrobga asoslangan antibiotiklarning 40 foizini ishlab chiqaradi. [1] Aktinomitsetallarni asosan tuproqda va chirigan organik moddalarda, shuningdek odamlar va hayvonlar kabi tirik organizmlarda topish mumkin. Ular 200 dan ortiq o'simlik turlari bilan simbiyotik azotni biriktiruvchi assotsiatsiyalarni hosil qiladi, shuningdek o'sishni rag'batlantiruvchi yoki biokontrol agentlari sifatida xizmat qilishi yoki o'simliklarning ayrim turlarida kasallik keltirib chiqarishi mumkin. Aktinomitsetallarni insonning urogenital traktida, shuningdek ovqat hazm qilish tizimida, shu jumladan og'iz, tomoq va oshqozon-ichak traktida Helicobacter shaklida xostda kasallik keltirib chiqarmasdan topish mumkin.[2] Taksonomiyasi: 16s rRNK ketma-ketligi va filogenetik bog'liqlikka asoslangan bilimlar tufayli vaqt o'tishi bilan o'zgardi.Aktinomisetlarning 6 ta sinfi, 6 ta turkumi bor. Aktinomitsetlar sinfi 43 oilaning eng kattasi bo'lib, eng ko'p tartibli va ular geterotrofdir. Mikobakteriyalar taksonomiyasi: Dunyo: Bakteriyalar, Bo'lim: Firmikutlar, Ajdod: Aktinobakteriyalar, Sinf: Aktinobakteriyalar, 181 Synapses: Insights Across the Disciplines SYNAPSES: Insights Across the Disciplines Volume 2, Issue 4 Kenja sinf:Aktinomisetallar, Oila: Mikobakteriyalar, Turkum:Mikobakteriyalar. Bu turkum 120 dan ortiq turlarni o'z ichiga oladi, ularning aksariyati atrof-muhitda keng tarqalgan saprofit mikroorganizmlardir. Barcha mikobakteriyalar patogenligi bo'yicha 3 guruhga bo'linadi: - patogen mikobakteriyalar (sil va moxov qo'zg'atuvchisi); - potentsial patogen (atipik) mikoba