DOMESTICATION AND FOREIGNIZATION: ADAPTING CULTURAL CONTENT

Аннотация

В этой исследовательской работе по переводу исследуются одомашнивание и форенизация как два основных метода, которые поддерживают уникальность текста для целевой аудитории, и то, как эти две стратегии могут быть применены при переводе коротких рассказов, чтобы сделать его ценным материалом для изучения инклюзивного межкультурного понимания. Что касается культурных и идеологических ценностей в рамках исторических и социальных факторов, эта исследовательская работа охватывает иностранные элементы, которые играют решающую роль в понимании того, как функционирует культурная адаптация при переводе. Ключевые слова: 365 "ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI" mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman одомашнивание, форенизация, сбалансированный подход, лингвокультуремы, культурная уникальность, целевая аудитория INTRODUCTION: The translation of short stories in English and Uzbek languages represent different challenges ranging from choosing an appropriate method of rendering, to preserving the foreignness of a text, including an analytical choice which translators face frequently. Concerning the risks of losing the uniqueness of the original culture, Susan Bassnett stated that “translation often involves some degree of loss, gain or transformation” suggesting that both domestication and foreignization cannot completely preserve its authenticity, but each translation involves an altered cultural content at some extent [1; 38]. MAIN PART: A number of scholars have been working on the theoretical examination of this debate which divided literary translations into domestication and foreignization. In terms of Western translation, these two concepts developed by Lawrence Venuti highlighting the advantages of foreignization where a cultural uniqueness is preserved, whereas domestication in short stories become “invisible” by modifying a cultural element for the target audience [3; 83]. Schleiermacher firstly outlined the distinction in these two key terms stated that, foreignization is a way which moves the reader toward the author, while domestication brings the author closer to the reader [5;49]. More recent studies done by Baker, explore sociocultural impact of translation norms, reveals that historical and ideological factors decide if a text is domesticated or foreignized, shaping literary, cinematic and media adaptations [6; 30]. Moving on the works done by Uzbek translators, Oybek, Qayum Karimov, Mirzaev are considered as key figures, particularly in a scholarly discourse on the translation of literary works, narrations and short stories. Q. Karimov states that “In translation, maintaining national characteristics while ensuring clarity requires a delicate balance” according to his argument, translation must maintain linguistic clarity including cultural and traditional authenticity [2; 10-11]. As an example for these both strategies, a piece of text taken from “Daftar hoshiyasidagi bitiklar” by O‘tkir Hoshimov is included in the table below: Uzbek Bozor iqtisodi language version Kecha katalakdek xonaga tiqilib, “eskilik sarqiti” –beshik va sandiq yasagani uchun nalugchidan baloga qolib yurgan hunarmand bugun kattakon sex ochsa-yu, rohatini ko’rsa, tag’in bir bor quvonaman. Baraka topsin! Bu bozor iqtisodi! Kecha alifni kaltak deyolmay o’qituvchisidan dakki eshitgan va oxir-oqibat “xudosizlar jamiyati”da qo’nim topgan notavon bola bugun 366 "ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI" mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman “biznesmen” bo’lsa-yu, xususiy samolyot sotib olsa, hayron qolmayman. Domesticated Yesterday, a craftsman who was crammed into a tiny workshop and harassed by tax collectors for making “old- fashioned” cradles and chests—if today he opens a large factory and enjoys success, I will rejoice once again. More power to him! That’s the free market for you! Yesterday, a poor child who couldn’t even recognize the letter “A” and got scolded by his teacher, only to end up in a strict, godless school—if today he becomes a successful entrepreneur and buys a private jet, I wouldn’t be surprised. Foreignized Yesterday, a craftsman who was crammed into a tiny workshop and harassed by tax collectors for making “eskilik sarqiti” (old-fashioned) cradles (Traditional Uzbek wooden cradle for sleeping infants) and chests (Traditional Uzbek wooden chest for storing valuable items)—if today he opens a large factory and enjoys success, I will rejoice once again. Baraka topsin! (More power to him!) That’s the free market for you! Yesterday, a poor child who couldn’t even recognize the letter “Alif” (The first letter of the Arabic alphabet, symbolizing learning) and got scolded by his teacher, only to end up in a strict, godless school—if today he becomes a successful entrepreneur and buys a private jet, I wouldn’t be surprised. An extract taken from “The Dead” by James Joyce, shows how these two techniques are used successfully in rendering a text from English into Uz