THE ROLE OF IRISH FOLKLORE IN FORMING NATIONAL IDENTITY IN SEAMUS HEANEY’S POETRY

Аннотация

The article discusses integration of folk poetry to the formation of national identity, preserving cultural memory and shared values in Seamus Heaney’s poetry. The incorporation of Irish folk elements serves to emphasize and preserve Irish cultural heritage, playing a significant role in the construction of national identity. Seamus Heaney’s engagement with Irish folk poetry is evident in his works, where he often draws upon traditional Irish legends, myths, and oral traditions. Heaney’s poetry captures the essence of Irish culture, connecting contemporary readers with their ancestral past. In poems such as “Maighdean Mara”, “Anahorish”, “Digging”, “Sweeney Redivivus” the poet references ancient rituals and legends, invoking a deep historical and cultural memory. Keywords: Irish folk poetry, national identity, poetic techniques, elements of mythology, use of toponyms. Аннотация. Статья рассматривает интеграцию народной поэзии в формирование национальной идентичности, сохранение культурной памяти и общих ценностей в поэзии Шеймуса Хини. Включение элементов ирландского народного творчества подчеркивает и сохраняет ирландское культурное наследие, играя важную роль в построении национальной идентичности. Взаимодействие Шеймуса Хини с ирландской народной поэзией очевидно в его произведениях, где он часто опирается на традиционные ирландские легенды, мифы и устные традиции. Поэзия Хини захватывает суть ирландской культуры, связывая современных читателей с их предковым прошлым. В таких стихах, как «Maighdean Mara», «Anahorish», «Digging», «Sweeney Redivivus», поэт ссылается на древние ритуалы и легенды, пробуждая глубокую историческую и культурную память. Ключевые слова: ирландская народная поэзия, национальная идентичность, поэтические приемы, элементы мифологии, использование топонимов. Annotatsiya. Ushbu maqolada Seamus Heanining she'riyati orqali xalq poeziyasining milliy kimlikni shakllantirish, madaniy xotirani saqlash va umumiy qadriyatlarni ta’minlashdagi roli muhokama qilinadi. Irland xalq she'riyati elementlarining kiritilishi irland madaniy merosini ta'kidlash va saqlashga xizmat 334 "ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI" mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman qiladi, bu esa milliy kimlikni qurishda muhim rol o'ynaydi. Seamus Heanining irland xalq she'riyati bilan aloqasi uning asarlarida yaqqol aks etadi, u ko'pincha irlandning an'anaviy afsonalari, miflari va og'zaki an'analariga murojaat qiladi. Heanining she'riyatida irland madaniyatining mohiyati aks etgan bo'lib, bu zamonaviy o'quvchilarni o'zlarining ajdodlarining o'tmishi bilan bog'laydi. "Maighdean Mara", "Anahorish", "Digging", "Sweeney Redivivus" kabi she'rlarida shoir qadimiy marosimlar va afsonalarga murojaat qilib, chuqur tarixiy va madaniy xotirani uyg'otadi. Kalit so'zlar: irland xalq poeziya, milliy kimlik, she'riy uslublar, mifologiya elementlari, toponimlardan foydalanish. Introduction. “Heaney belongs to Irish soil, and that soil is much older than the English language. That soil is much older than the Irish language, and yet it is Irish that has given its name to that soil and to everything that grows in it. Is it not a logical step to give voice to his poetry, to explore those areas of consciousness, memory, inspiration, perception, feeling, and sensation that would surely be expressed in Irish but for the vagaries of history?” [2;186] The Irish poet and translator into Irish Gabriel Rosenstock emphasized on the influence of Seamus Heaney’s national belonging on his poetry. The deep connection between Heaney’s poetry and the Irish traditions can be easily felt in his works through analyzing historical places, the elements of Irish folk poetry, imaginary characters and historical people mentioned in his verses. Heaney’s poetry uncovers deeper layers of and historical, national and traditional identity, memory, and inspiration of his nation. On the other hand Heaney’s poetry was also influenced by the English language: “The flow of writing must flow throughout the body, and all my linguistic experiences that contributed to this were English”. [2; 45] This impact on Heaney’s works highlights the dialogue and interplay between his use of the English language and his deep connection to the Irish cultural and linguistic heritage. While his linguistic experiences and much of his literary works were in English, the Irish roots and cultural background inevitably surface in his poetry, enriching it with layers of historical and cultural heritage. This blend of influences remarks the complexity and richness of Heaney’s poetic identity, straddling Irish traditions. Discussions and analyses. In the poem “Digging” Heaney contrasts his own work as a writer with the physical labor of his ancestors. The poem opens with Heaney observing his father digging in the garden and then transitions to a reflection on his grandfather’s work. Heaney describes the skill and effort involved in the digging, and he contrasts this wit