SCIENTIFIC AND THEORETICAL VIEWS ON THE STUDY OF DIPLOMATIC DISCOURSE IN LINGUISTICS

Аннотация

Дипломатический дискурс изучается в лингвистике как сложная форма общения в глобальной политике. Научные и теоретические исследования в этой области в основном сосредоточены на анализе лингвистических структур, прагматических особенностей и роли дипломатического дискурса в социально-культурном контексте. Обычно дипломатический дискурс представляет собой специализированную форму официального общения, целью которой является обеспечение взаимопонимания, проведение переговоров и управление международными отношениями. В этом дискурсе особое внимание уделяется таким лингвистическим характеристикам, как осторожность в речи, тонкость дипломатического языка, разрешение конфликтов и адаптация к социальным и политическим контекстам. Изучение дипломатического дискурса способствует более глубокому пониманию того, как язык используется в политических и культурных процессах, стратегиях общения и роли языка в глобальной коммуникации. 266 "ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI" mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman Ключевые слова: Дискурс, Дипломатический дискурс, Коммуникация, Коммуникативная стратегия. Annotatsiya: Diplomatik diskurs tilshunoslikda jahon siyosatidagi murakkab muloqot shakli sifatida alohida o‘rganiladi. Ushbu ilmiy-nazariy tadqiqotlar diplomatik nutqning til strukturalari, pragmatik xususiyatlari va ijtimoiy-madaniy kontekstdagi rolini tahlil qilishga qaratilgan. Diplomatik diskurs, odatda, rasmiy muloqotning maxsus shakli bo‘lib, uning maqsadi o‘zaro tushunishni ta’minlash, muzokaralar olib borish va xalqaro munosabatlarni boshqarishdan iboratdir. Kalit so‘zlar: diskurs, diplomatik diskurs, kommunikatsiya, kommunikativ strategiya. In recent years, there has been a growing interest in studying not only linguistic units that emerge in the communication process but also non-linguistic (pragmatic, psychological, social, and cultural) factors. This has led to a broader investigation of the concept of "discourse" in linguistics. In contemporary linguistics, the term "discourse" began to gain widespread use in the mid-20th century. Today, this concept is a topic of interdisciplinary research. Besides theoretical linguistics, the term "discourse" is applied in various fields, such as computational linguistics and artificial intelligence, psychology, philosophy and logic, sociology, pragmalinguistics, psycholinguistics, law, pedagogy, politics, diplomacy, and other areas related to discourse studies. The word "discourse" originally comes from the Latin term "discursus," meaning "movement" or "to run back and forth." Later, it evolved to mean "conversation," "communication," or "speech" in French [1; 642]. Research indicates that before "discourse" became widely used as a linguistic term, it had been analyzed from logical and epistemological perspectives. The first linguist to explain it in this way was Emile Benveniste, a French linguist and follower of Ferdinand de Saussure. Ferdinand de Saussure's concepts of the linguistic system (langue) and speech (parole) are not widely accepted by some scholars. Instead, they propose replacing the term "speech" (parole) with "discourse" and suggest using the opposition between language and discourse. According to this view: “Discourse is the higher level of the sentence, always manifesting as an event, a discrete action that is activated through the speaker's utterance [2; 135]." The term "discourse" was first introduced as a linguistic concept in 1952 by the American scholar Z. Harris in his article Discourse Analysis. He defined discourse as "a set of spoken or written statements produced by one or more individuals in a particular situation" [3; 27] Furthermore, E. Popova, while analyzing the cultural- linguistic characteristics of political discourse, states that "the discourse aspect of 267 "ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI" mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman speech activity is the analysis of communication from cultural-historical, social, and situational perspectives," and interprets discourse as different forms of speech and speech acts directly connected to linguistic and extralinguistic factors [4; 187] A. Shevchenko differentiates between two definitions of discourse. According to the first perspective, discourse is a form of speech representation that encompasses necessary linguistic and non-linguistic elements and is interpreted as a judgmental structure. According to the second perspective, discourse is defined as a coherent text, a dialogue, or a group of judgments, seen as a unit larger than a sentence [5; 153] Michel Foucault examines the term "discourse" in a broad sense, considering it not just as a linguistic concept but as a general cultural one. According to him: "... Discourse is undoubtedly a sign phenomenon, but it is something that does much more than merely using signs to represent things. It is precisely this added functionality that ensures it cannot be compared to language an