“PRAGMALINGUISTICS AS A MODERN SUBFIELD OF LINGUISTICS”

Аннотация

Данное исследование рассматривает прагмалингвистику как современную область лингвистики, ее теоретические основы и роль, которую она играет в понимании того, как люди используют язык в определенных коммуникативных контекстах. Мы изучаем ключевые концепции, такие как речевые акты, стратегии вежливости и влияние культуры и общества на использование языка. Кроме того, исследование подчеркивает растущую значимость прагмалингвистики в современных лингвистических исследованиях, предлагая понимание ее применения в преподавании языка, переводе и межкультурной коммуникации. Ключевые слова: прагмалигвистика, акты речи, вежливость, использование языка, коммуникация, межкультурная коммуникация, социолингвистика, анализ дискурса. 79 "ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI" mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman Annotatsiya: Ushbu tadqiqot pragmalingvistikani tilshunoslikning zamonaviy sohasi sifatida, uning nazariy asoslari va insonlarning muayyan kommunikativ kontekstlarda tildan qanday foydalanishini tushunishdagi rolini o‘rganadi. Biz nutqiy harakatlar, xushmuomalalik strategiyalari, madaniyat va jamiyatning tildan foydalanishga ta'siri kabi asosiy tushunchalarni o'rganamiz. Bundan tashqari, tadqiqot zamonaviy lingvistik tadqiqotlarda pragmalingvistikaning ortib borayotgan ahamiyatini takidlab, uning til o‘rgatish, tarjima va madaniyatlararo muloqotda qo‘llanilishi haqida tushuncha beradi. Kalit so‘zlar: pragmalingvistika, nutqiy akt, xushmuomalalik nazariyasi, tildan foydalanish, muloqot, madaniyatlararo muloqot, sotsiolingvistika, diskurs tahlili. Introduction. Linguistics is a vast field, encompassing various subfields, one of which is pragmalinguistics. Emerging in the late 20th century, pragmalinguistics bridges the gap between theoretical linguistics and the practical use of language in communication. It is primarily concerned with how language functions in specific social contexts, taking into account not only grammatical structures but also the speaker’s intentions, the listener’s interpretation, and the situational context. As a result, pragmalinguistics focuses on the intersection of syntax, semantics, and sociocultural factors, providing a deeper understanding of communicative behavior. Pragmalinguistics is fundamentally interdisciplinary, drawing upon elements from pragmatics, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, and discourse analysis.The study of pragmalinguistics has important implications for numerous practical applications, including language teaching, translation, and intercultural communication. This study will discuss the evolution of pragmalinguistics, its theoretical frameworks, and its applications in various areas of linguistics. Historical Development of Pragmalinguistics. Pragmalinguistics grew out of the field of pragmatics, which was introduced by philosophers like Charles Morris and later developed by linguists such as Austin and Searle. In the 1960s and 1970s, philosophers and linguists started to explore how language is used to achieve communicative goals, leading to the development of speech act theory. Speech acts (such as requests, offers, commands, and apologies) are central to pragmalinguistics, as they reveal the ways in which speakers use language to perform various functions in interaction. In the 1980s and 1990s, the field expanded to consider politeness theories (e.g., Brown and Levinson’s politeness theory), which emphasized the social aspects of language use. These theories showed how speakers manage social distance, power relations, and face-threatening acts through linguistic strategies. The interaction between pragmatics and sociocultural factors further emphasized the importance of pragmalinguistics in understanding language in its social context. Some of the following key concepts in Pragmalinguistics are emphasized: 80 "ZAMONAVIY TILSHUNOSLIK VA TARJIMASHUNOSLIKNING DOLZARB MUAMMOLARI" mavzusidagi xalqaro ilmiy-amaliy anjuman Speech act theory, developed by philosophers such as John Austin and John Searle, is a cornerstone of pragmalinguistics. A speech act is an utterance that performs an action, such as a request, a promise, a warning, or an apology. Understanding the intentions behind these acts and how they are interpreted in different contexts is crucial to pragmalinguistics. Speech acts are classified into three types: locutionary acts (the act of saying something), illocutionary acts (the act performed by saying something), and perlocutionary acts (the effect the utterance has on the listener). [3;63] For example, the sentence “Could you pass the salt?” is not just a question, but an illocutionary act requesting that the listener pass the salt. In pragmalinguistics, understanding the illocutionary force of an utterance is central to analyzing how speakers use language to achieve communicative goals. Politeness Strategy is a central concept in pragmalinguistics, as it involves the strategies speakers use to manage social relationships