BIOREACTOR FOR GROWTH OF GREEN ALGAE

Аннотация

The article presents information on an optimized variant of growing unicellular green algae and intensifying photosynthetic radiation, namely, the transmission of a moving mechanism using belt drives, in the field of fish farming and animal husbandry. Key words: algology, kelp, algae, biotechnology, container, bioreactor, suspension, microorganism, mini-electric motor. Introduction. Algae are a group of organisms of various origins united by the following features: photoautotrophic nutrition, absence of true tissues (with the exception of highly organized brown algae, but even in them the tissues are few in number and poorly differentiated [1]) and vegetative organs, organs of sexual (gametangia) and asexual (sporangia) reproduction, unicellular, habitat in an aquatic environment or in humid conditions (in soil, damp places, etc.). The body of algae is called a thallus, or thallus. Algae are an ecological group of predominantly heterogeneous photoautotrophic unicellular, colonial or multicellular organisms that usually live in an aquatic environment, systematically representing a set of many divisions. Algae are a group of organisms of various origins united by the following features: photoautotrophic nutrition, absence of true tissues (with the exception of highly organized brown algae, but even in them the tissues are few in number and poorly differentiated [2]) and vegetative organs, organs of sexual (gametangia) and asexual (sporangia) reproduction, unicellular, habitat in an aquatic environment or in humid conditions (in soil, damp places, etc.). The body of algae is called a thallus, or thallus [4]. 313 ISSN (E): 2181-4570 ResearchBib Impact Factor: 6,4 / 2024 SJIF 2024 = 5.073/Volume-3, Issue-4 The reason why algae do not have distinct tissues is related to the peculiarities of the aquatic habitat - life in water implies relatively stable conditions for most of the cells that form the body of the organism. They are all illuminated almost equally; the water surrounding the plant provides all its parts with the same set of substances dissolved in it. In addition, water provides a temperature regime similar for all cells. As a result, algae cells do not have any special differences between themselves, and equal conditions for all do not stimulate the differentiation of cells into specialized ones [8]. Some algae are capable of heterotrophy, both osmotrophic (by cell surface), such as flagellates, and holozoic - by swallowing food particles through the cell mouth (euglenophytes, dinoflagellates). The size of algae varies from fractions of a micrometer (coccolithophores and some diatoms) to 30-50 m (brown algae - Laminaria, Macrocystis, Sargassum) [5]. The thallus can be either unicellular or multicellular, and is characterized by enormous morphological diversity. In the artificial environment of a photobioreactor, specific conditions are carefully controlled for the respective species. Thus, the photobioreactor provides much higher growth rates and purity levels than anywhere in nature or in habitats similar to nature [2]. Hypothetically, phototropic biomass could be produced from nutrient-rich wastewater and carbon dioxide flue gas in a photobioreactor. Algae can be cultured in open ponds (such as runoff ponds and lakes) and photobioreactors. Runoff ponds can be less expensive. Materials and methods. The importance of algal culture in physiological and biochemical studies, as well as the fact that algae are among the most efficient converters of solar energy into useful form, have led to increased interest in algal culture methods. Algal culture methods can be divided into two categories: the first is applied in laboratory conditions and controlled environments, and the second is applied in open-air conditions for large-scale biomass production [7]. Algae include a varying number (depending on classification) of eukaryotic divisions, many of which are not related by common origin. Blue-green algae, which are prokaryotes, are also often classified as algae. 314 ISSN (E): 2181-4570 ResearchBib Impact Factor: 6,4 / 2024 SJIF 2024 = 5.073/Volume-3, Issue-4 Algae are the main producers of organic matter in the aquatic environment. According to estimates by various scientists, the contribution of algae to the total production of organic carbon on our planet is 26-90% [3]. Algae directly or indirectly serve as a source of food for all aquatic animals. They are used as food by protozoa (for example, ciliates, amoebas), oligochaetes, crustaceans, mollusks, dragonfly larvae and other invertebrates, as well as fish [8]. Among multicellular algae, along with large, complexly dissected representatives, often visually very similar to higher plants with structures that outwardly resemble stems, leaves and even fruits, there are microscopic forms (for example, the sporophyte of Laminariaceae). Among unicellular algae, there are colonial forms, when individual cells are closely connected to each other (connected through