FEATURES OF LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF A LITERARY TEXT BASED ON ANTHROPOCENTRIC APPROACH

Аннотация

В данной статье предпринята попытка пролить свет на важность использования определенного принципа анализа художественных текстов на основе антропоцентрического подхода в современной лингвистике. Ключевые слова: художественный текст, антропоцентрический подход, лингвистика, принцип. In the history of linguistics, a number of studies conducted by world linguists on linguistic semantics, pragmatics, cognitive linguistics, as well as certain works devoted to the linguopoetic, pragmatic, derivational, and communicative properties of the text, have reflected an anthropocentric orientation. Based on this approach, there is a need to study the written text, in particular, the poetic speech text, from an anthropocentric perspective. Literature is like a vast ocean, with incomprehensible secrets hidden in it. It is natural for every writer or poet to have their own unique perspective and vocabulary, especially in their writings. Anthropocentrism (from the Greek word "anthropos" - "man", Latin "centrum" - "center") is a scientific direction whose main problem is man as the center of the universe. The term anthropocentrism was coined by the ancient Greek philosopher, who advanced the idea that "Man is the center of the universe", and this idea became widespread in Europe in the Middle Ages. In linguistics, the study of the language system from an anthropocentric perspective is reflected in research on linguistic semantics, cognitive linguistics, psycholinguistics, pragmatic linguistics, and linguoculturology. In works created on the basis of the anthropocentric paradigm, the language system is studied in connection with the personal factor. 2156 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume 2 Issue 4 Although the studies of Uzbek linguists on linguistic semantics, pragmatics, and cognitive linguistics demonstrate anthropocentric tendencies, these studies are still insufficient. In Uzbek linguistics, D. Khudoiberganova carried out one of the first studies on the anthropocentric study of the text. This study served as the basis for a number of subsequent works. In anthropocentric scientific studies, man and everything related to him (society, nature, culture, knowledge, etc.) are considered in close connection with each other. Nowadays, various disciplines (philosophy, ecology, linguistics, logic, etc.) study man in relation to their object of study. However, it is impossible to understand all the diversity and essence of human activity, their cognitive mechanisms, without language, which is the main tool of human activity. That is why "language is the main activity of the human spirit, it is the basis of all other types of human activity." The anthropocentric direction in linguistics considers human nature in close connection with language. As is known, the interdependence of language and human nature originated from the ideas of the great German scientist, philosopher, and linguist Wilhelm Humboldt, who was the founder of the philosophy of language. According to the scientist, language is considered a continuous process of spiritual creative work, which characterizes the spiritual relationship of humanity to the world. Paying special attention to the role of language in the knowledge of humanity, he calls language one of the factors that determine the spiritual and creative individuality of a person, their self-determination and self-development of the inner self. In his linguistic and philosophical works, Humboldt considered the development of language to be connected with the inner world of human nature, and he put forward the thesis that language and the spirit of the people are inseparable, identical and closely interconnected, in a unity of time: “Language is the external manifestation of the spirit of nations: the language of a nation is its spirit, the spirit of a nation is its language, and it is difficult to imagine anything like that”[1]. According to the scientist, the spirit of the people occupies a leading position in this unity, and it is precisely the spirit of the people that determines the formation of the language. “We must see in the spirit of the people a clear defining principle and basis for the differences between languages, because the spiritual strength of the nation is only the most important and independent basis, and language is dependent on it. At the same time, he eloquently expresses the idea that the spirit of the people is manifested only through language: “Among all the manifestations in which the spirit and character of the nation are expressed, only language can find its own unique and elegant expression. "It penetrates into the spirit and character of the nation and their inner secrets." The assumptions put forward by the scientist are related to the fact that the essence of man, his soul is based on language, that the human interpretation of the world is implemented in it, and therefore language is a way of thinking of people. 2157 ResearchBib IF - 11.01, ISSN: 3030-3753, Volume