TYPES OF CLUSTERS AND THEIR APPLICATION IN PHYSICS LESSONS

Аннотация

Одним из интерактивных методов в физике является кластер, эффективный подход, повышающий активность учащихся и связывающий знания с практикой.В данной статье на конкретных примерах и экспериментах показано применение кластерного метода, а также как можно улучшить процесс обучения учащихся на основе информации, представленнойв графикахи таблицах. Ключевые слова: кластер, современные педагогические технологии, педагогическая, дидактическая стратегия,классический кластер,бумажный кластер,интерактивныйметод. Introduction. Today, in developed countries, opportunities are being created for the use of modern pedagogical technologies that guarantee the effectiveness of the educational process. One of the important requirements for the organization of modern education is to achieve high results in a short time without spending excessive mental and physical effort. Delivering certain theoretical knowledge to students in a short time, forming skills and competencies in them for a specific activity, as well as monitoring theactivities ofstudents, assessing the level ofknowledge, skills and competencies acquired by them requires high pedagogical skills and a new approach to the educational process from the teacher. As a result of the use of interactive methods, students' skills of independent thinking, analysis, drawing conclusions, expressing their opinion, defending it with justification, healthy communication, discussion, and debate are formed and developed. Interactive method - the interaction between students and the teacher in the educational process serves to activate the students' assimilation of knowledge and develop their personal qualities. The useofinteractivemethods helps to improvethequality ofthelesson. The main criteria for interactive education are: informal discussions, the ability to freely present and express educational material, a small number of lectures but a large number of seminars, opportunities for students to take initiative, assignments for working in small groups, large groups, class teams, written assignments, and other methods, which are of particular importance inincreasing theeffectiveness ofeducational work. Main part. The cluster, which is widely used in educational institutions, is effective in implementing the educational process as a whole, in solving problems, in rationally organizing the lesson process, in increasing the interest of learners by the teacher, in dividing the www.wordlyknowledge.uz ILMIYMETODIK JURNAL JOURNAL OFIQRO –ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО –IQRO JURNALI –volume 15,issue01,2025 ISSN:2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR( RESEARCH BIB )–7,245,SJIF–5,431 educational material into small parts and revealing their content, in using methods such as brainstorming, work in small groups, debate, problem situations, projects, role-playing games, in independently performing practical exercises, in thinking about an activity or problem, in mutual dialogue, in mutual debate, in solving problems together. The advantage of this method is that it teaches the student to think independently and prepares him for an independent life. When choosing cluster teaching methods, the purpose of education, the number and capabilities of learners, the educational and material conditions of the educational institution, the duration of education, thepedagogical skillsof theteacher, etc. are taken intoaccount. Interactive methods are based on the activity of each student participating in the educational process, free and independent thinking. When using these methods, learning becomes an interesting activity for the student. When using interactive methods, students acquire the skills and abilities to work independently with the help and cooperation of teachers. Students acquire new knowledge on the basis of scientific research, investigation, and experimental testing. The principle of acquiring knowledge through science is followed. The cluster method is a specific form of pedagogical and didactic strategy that helps learners create conditions for free, open thinking and free expression of ideas on arbitrary problems (topics). This method requires identifying a structure that allows them to think about the connections between different ideas. The cluster method is considered a form of thinking that is not directed at a specific object. Its useis based on the principle of thehuman brain. This method serves to ensure the continuity of thinking until a specific topic is deeply and thoroughly mastered by learners. The cluster method also activates learners and encourages independent thinking, and encourages the active participation of the teacher and learner, who are at the center of the educational process. The learner actively participates throughout the learning process. In this process, learners develop ahigh level of learning, initiativeand responsibility inadapting the acquired knowledge to their goals and needs, and the ability to reflect through practical implementation, support, and accountability. Currently, variou