THE GENESIS OF POPULATION MIGRATION AND ITS THEORETICAL- METHODOLOGICAL BASIS

Аннотация

В данной статье описывается генезис миграции населения и ее теоретико- методологические основы. При этом были рассмотрены определения понятия «миграция населения», наиболее употребительные из которых нашли отражение в научных исследованиях, опубликованных В.А. Ионцевым. На основе контент-анализа специальных изданий только в России он перечислил 36 различных определений этого термина. В. А. Ионцев, подводя итоги своего контент-анализа, классифицирует зарубежную и отечественную литературу,определяемую этимтермином. Ключевые слова: миграция, генезис, общество, население, социально-демографический состав,возрастная структура. Introduction: The rapid changes occurring in modern societies are increasingly prompting people from various social strata to migrate from one region to another, often driven by material interests. Today, population migration is widely studied in science as a social phenomenon and process. In particular, issues such as population dynamics, socio-demographic composition, changes in gender and age structure, and ensuring generational continuity are closely examined in relation to migration processes. Indeed, in the 21st century, migration has become a major factorcapable ofdisruptingglobal socio-economicstability and demographic balance. www.wordlyknowledge.uz ILMIYMETODIK JURNAL JOURNAL OFIQRO –ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО –IQRO JURNALI –volume 15,issue01,2025 ISSN:2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR( RESEARCH BIB )–7,245,SJIF–5,431 Main Part: Population migration (from Latin migratio – movement) refers to the relocation of people from one region (state, country) to another. According to O.D. Vorobyova, it is “a change in a population’s place of residence, either permanently or temporarily, which occurs under the influence ofpositiveornegative factors.” Migration processes are studied in science from the perspective of population dynamics, including its size, gender-age structure, and the continuation and preservation of generations. The developments in thisfield directly affect thedemographic stability ofany country. From an economic point of view, migration is universally defined. That is, migration is considered a key regulator of a country’s working-age population. This process stimulates healthy competition in the labor market. Most types of migration are driven by economic necessity and occur,to someextent,based onlabor market demands. From a legal perspective, important issues include establishing the legal status of migrants, ensuring their rights and interests, and regulating the relationship systems between migrants and theentities working withthem. In psychology, the motivation behind individuals relocating from their permanent residence to another area is studied separately. In this field, migration is defined as a means of satisfying several social needs and as away for aperson totest theirself-confidence. There are numerous definitions of the term “population migration.” For instance, V.A. Iontsev, based on content analysis of specialized publications in Russia alone, identified 36 different definitions of this concept. Summarizing his content analyses, Iontsev categorizes the foreign and domestic literature defining this term. According to his conclusions, there are 17 different scientific approaches to studying migration processes. These approaches incorporate at least 45 scientific directions, theories, and concepts. Specifically: 5 economic approaches, 5 sociological theories, 4 purely migrational, 3 demographic, 2 historical, along with typological, political, and other perspectives. The concept of “population migration” was first scientifically defined bythe English scholar E.G. Ravenstein in 1885. He analyzed migration processes in Great Britain and North America. Based on his research, Ravenstein identified ten laws of migration. The most significant among them include: Most migration occurs overshort distances; The moreattractivearegional center is,themore itstimulates migration; For every migration flow, there is acounter-flow; Migration contributes moretothegrowth of largecities than natural population increase; Migration expands alongside industrialization, trade growth, and especially the development of transport; Economic factors are considered theprimary determinants ofmigration. It should be emphasized that the history of migration dates back to the time when humanity first appeared. Initially, humanity originated in theAfrican continent, andover time, due to migration, www.wordlyknowledge.uz ILMIYMETODIK JURNAL JOURNAL OFIQRO –ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО –IQRO JURNALI –volume 15,issue01,2025 ISSN:2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR( RESEARCH BIB )–7,245,SJIF–5,431 it spread across the world. In the 16th-19th centuries, a mass migration of Europeans to America took place. This process later extended to South Africa and Australia. In the 1950s, the situation changed, and the mass migration of populations from developing countries to developed countries began. A.V. Yurin divides the largest migration processes from t