TEACHING SUBJECTS IN A FOREIGN LANGUAGE: MAIN APPROACHES

Аннотация

The article explores modern methods of teaching disciplines in a foreign language, including full immersion, bilingual education, and adaptive methodologies. It discusses the challenges faced by students and instructors and proposes effective strategies for adapting the learning process. Special attention is given to the role of digital technologies and artificial intelligence in enhancing learning efficiency. The author analyzes the advantages of this approach, such as improving students’ language competencies, fostering academic mobility, and increasing graduates’competitiveness in theinternational labormarket. Keywords: foreign language teaching, bilingual education, language adaptation, academic mobility, digital technologies, artificial intelligence. ПРЕПОДАВАНИЕ ПРЕДМЕТОВ НА ИНОСТРАННОМ ЯЗЫКЕ: ОСНОВНЫЕ ПОДХОДЫ Аннотация: В статье рассматриваются современные методы преподавания дисциплин на иностранном языке, включая полное погружение, двуязычное обучение и адаптивные методики. Обсуждаются трудности, с которыми сталкиваются студенты и преподаватели, а также предлагаются эффективные стратегии адаптации учебного процесса. Особое внимание уделено использованию цифровых технологий и искусственного интеллекта для повышения эффективности обучения. Автор анализирует преимущества такого подхода, включая повышение языковых компетенций студентов, развитие академической мобильности и улучшение конкурентоспособности выпускников на международном рынкетруда. Ключевые слова: преподавание на иностранном языке, билингвальное обучение, языковая адаптация, академическая мобильность, цифровые технологии, искусственный интеллект. XORIJIY TILDA FANLARNI O‘QITISH: ASOSIY YONDASHUVLAR Annotatsiya: Maqolada xorijiy tilda fanlarni o‘qitishning zamonaviy usullari, jumladan, to‘liq sho‘ng‘ish, ikki tilli ta’lim va moslashuvchan yondashuvlar ko‘rib chiqiladi. Talabalar va o‘qituvchilar duch keladigan qiyinchiliklar muhokama qilinadi hamda o‘quv jarayonini moslashtirishning samarali strategiyalari taklif etiladi. Raqamli texnologiyalar va sun’iy intellektdan foydalanish ta’lim samaradorligini oshirishdagi roli alohida e’tiborga olinadi. Muallif ushbu yondashuvning afzalliklarini, jumladan, talabalar til kompetensiyasini oshirish, akademik mobillikni rivojlantirish va bitiruvchilarning xalqaro mehnat bozorida raqobatbardoshligini yaxshilash imkoniyatlarini tahlilqiladi. Kalit so‘zlar: xorijiy til o‘qitish, ikki tilli ta’lim, tilga moslashish, akademik mobillik, raqamli texnologiyalar, sun’iyintellekt. www.wordlyknowledge.uz ILMIYMETODIK JURNAL JOURNAL OFIQRO –ЖУРНАЛ ИҚРО –IQRO JURNALI –volume 15,issue01,2025 ISSN:2181-4341, IMPACT FACTOR( RESEARCH BIB )–7,245,SJIF–5,431 TEACHING SUBJECTSIN AFOREIGNLANGUAGE: MAIN APPROACHES The modern higher education system is actively implementing the teaching of subjects in a foreign language, which promotes the academic mobility of students and their integration into the international scientific community (Hymes, 1972). Depending on the students' level of language proficiency, the specifics of the discipline, and educational objectives, various approaches are applied (Passov, 2006). Among them, full immersion, bilingual education, and adaptive teaching are distinguished. Full immersion involves the exclusive use of the foreign language in the learning process. Lectures, seminars, educational materials, and exams are conducted entirely in the target language, creating conditions for intensive language acquisition (Ter-Minasova, 2000). This approach is most common in international universities and English-language educational programs. However, its implementation requires a high level of language proficiency from students, as the inability to use their native language can make it difficult to understand complex scientific concepts. To support students, additional language courses, visual materials, and specialized textbooks may be used. Additionally, interactive technologies such as virtual language labs and AI-driven tutoring systems are increasingly being integrated to facilitate comprehension and retention ofnew material (Baltova, 1994). Bilingual education is based on the combined use of the foreign and native languages. Lectures may be delivered in the foreign language, while explanations and discussions take place in the students' native language (Harmer, 2007). This approach is often applied in countries where English is not the primary language of instruction but is integrated into educational programs. Bilingual teaching facilitates the understanding of complex academic topics and reduces the language barrier, but there is a risk of excessiveuseof the nativelanguage, which can slowdown students' adaptation to full instruction in a foreign language. The effectiveness of this method increases with strict regulation of language balance and a gradual increase in the share of the foreign language in the learning process. A well-structured bilingual approach ensures that students gradually trans