Роль Узбекистана в развитии северного Афганистана

Аннотация

Калит сўзлар: Сўнгги ўн йилликларда Ўзбекистоннинг Афғонистонга Ўзбекистон, нисбатан муносабатини таҳлил қилиш, ҳамкорлик Афғонистон, тамойиллари, йўналишлари ва бунинг натижаларини Толибон, аниқлаш Ўзбекистоннинг бу йўналишдаги ташқи иқтисодиёт, ҳамкорлик, сиёсатининг ўрта муддатли истиқболларини белгилаш инфратузилма имконини беради. Афғонистонда Толибоннинг ҳокимиятга лойиҳалари, келиши ва бунинг Афғонистонга қўшни мамлакатларга гуманитар ёрдам, таъсирини ҳисобга олган ҳолда, биз ҳозирги босқичдаги хавфсизлик муаммолари, вазиятни объектив таҳлил қилиб, кўпчиликни ташвишга савдо айланмаси, минтақавий барқарорлик. солаётган саволга жавоб бера олишимиз мумкин: “Афғонистон бугунги кунда минтақа учун нимани англатади?”. 1 Researcher, Institute for Advanced International Studies. Tashkent, Uzbekistan. E-mail: azizasolieva10@gmail.com Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 08 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415 Роль Узбекистана в развитии северного Афганистана АННОТАЦИЯ Ключевые слова: В статье проведен анализ внешнеполитических Узбекистан, подходов Узбекистана в отношении Афганистана на Афганистан, протяжении последних десятилетий. Выявлены ключевые Талибан, принципы и направления сотрудничества, а также оценены экономика, сотрудничество, результаты двусторонних взаимодействий. Особое инфраструктурные внимание уделено влиянию прихода к власти движения проекты, «Талибан» в Афганистане на региональную безопасность и гуманитарная помощь, отношения с соседними странами. На основе проведенного проблемы безопасности, анализа сформулированы основные приоритеты торговый оборот, региональная Узбекистана в афганском направлении на среднесрочную стабильность. перспективу, что позволяет глубже понять текущее состояние Афганистана и ответить на актуальные вопросы, касающиеся его будущего и влияния на регион. SUMMARY Uzbekistan’s involvement with northern Afghanistan has shifted significantly over the decades. Historically, Afghanistan was of particular interest to Uzbekistan due to its ethnic Uzbek population and regional security concerns. Initially, the Uzbek language was the official language in northern Afghanistan, reflecting the ethnic and cultural connections. The analysis of Uzbekistan's policies towards Afghanistan is divided into three periods: the 1990s, the 2000s under Karzai and Ghani, and the post-2021 Taliban takeover. During the 1990s, Uzbekistan focused on security concerns related to the Taliban and Islamist extremism. In the 2000s, Uzbekistan shifted towards economic and infrastructural cooperation with Afghanistan. Since 2016, under President Mirziyoyev, there has been a strategic emphasis on economic growth and humanitarian aid, even amid the complex political landscape shaped by the Taliban’s return to power. Thus, In the 1990s, Uzbekistan implemented a security-driven policy, constructing fortifications and participating in diplomatic efforts like the "6+2" format for conflict resolution. In the 2000s, economic collaboration flourished, with significant projects like the construction of the Termez-Mazar-e-Sharif railway and increased trade turnover. Post-2016, the relationship evolved to include extensive humanitarian aid and support for Afghan infrastructure projects. Since the Taliban’s return in 2021, Uzbekistan has continued its humanitarian support and advocated for the unfreezing of Afghan assets, reflecting a balanced approach to engagement despite the Taliban's controversial governance. To conclude, Uzbekistan's relationship with northern Afghanistan has transformed from a focus on security to a multi-faceted approach incorporating economic cooperation and humanitarian aid. By participating in infrastructure projects and increasing trade, Uzbekistan aims to enhance regional stability and prosperity. This evolving strategy demonstrates Uzbekistan’s commitment to fostering sustainable development and maintaining security in Central Asia. Uzbeks have played an important role in the history, culture, socio-economic life and politics of Afghanistan. Before the Taliban came to power, outside the Republic of Uzbekistan, only in the Islamic Republic of Afghanistan the Uzbek language was the official state language. Following the requirements set out in Articles 1 and 4 of Chapter 16 of the Constitution of Afghanistan, the Uzbek language was recognized as an official language in the northern provinces of Afghanistan. 19 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Special Issue – 08 (2024) / ISSN 2181-1415 Based on various socio-political circumstances in Afghanistan and its neighboring countries, Uzbekistan's interest and involvement in developing relations with northern Afghanistan can be divided into three periods. Each period reflects the changing dynamics and priorities in the region. 1. Uzbekistan’s approaches toward Afghanistan in the 1990s The first period, encompassing the 1990s, was marked by turbulence, and Afghanistan was larg