Some considerations about the process of lexicalization of grammatical units

Аннотация

The article discusses changes in the semantic structure of the word, and the process of lexicalization of grammatical units is described on the basis of a comparative analysis of Uzbek and English materials. Keywords:Grammatical unit, lexical unit, lexical-semantic field, language level, lexicalization. It is well known that just as everything in the universe is in dialectic growth and change, so the units of the grammatical level of the language are in constant motion. In fact, there is no language in the world that is outside this process. We all know that factors that directly affect the development of a language cannot be stopped, and that they are never connected with a person’s desires. As a result of the evolutionary development of language, old systems are replaced by new ones. Linguistic units that were previously in common use, and then left this circle, have a different status, in contrast to their historical roots. This also applies to complex processes associated with the lexicalization of the 112 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) grammatical form in the language. This complex process, which can be confirmed by lengthy historical observations, is described in the Glossary of Linguistic Terms as follows: “Lexicalization. Convert a syntactic unit (phrase or sentence) to a lexical unit (words or regular expressions). Mas., Oʼzb. per thousand, wages, the conversion of railways into a lexical unit. (1;49) Of course, the above description of the process of lexicalization, which is one of the means of increasing the internal potential of any language, does not reveal all the features of this phenomenon. Indeed, the process of lexicalization is narrowly interpreted and interpreted accordingly. In our opinion, the phenomenon of lexicalization manifests itself not only in the passage of a phrase or sentence, but also of any grammatical unit of meaning to a lexically significant language unit, and the grammatical elements involved in this process have semantic meaning in a certain space and time. The process of lexicalization, in which grammatical units take on a lexical form, ultimately requires the conversion of a whole phrase or a specific grammatical form, and sometimes the suffix itself, into a unit of independent lexical meaning together with a related base. Lexicalization is one of the factors that increase the vocabulary of a language. As a result of the lexicalization of grammatical units in the language system, new lexical units appear. The process of lexicalization of word forms is unique as a complex phenomenon that indicates certain changes in the development of the language. Lexicalization is the process by which language elements move from the grammatical level to the semantic field. In it, individual grammatical forms depart from their paradigm and become independent words or part of them. For example, in the Uzbek language ravish, which is studied in the context of a group of words, is formed as a result of a combination of conjunctive suffixes in horses with the words one, true, and false, in fact - one, true and false. They are not divided into foundations and affixes in terms of the modern language: answers one question as a whole. A similar situation is observed in the case of English. In English linguistics, lexicalization is seen as a process by which grammatical forms pass to independent words and acquire new lexical meanings. The References: notes that the lexicalization of plural nouns is active: Custom- urf-odat, customs – bojxona Damage – zarar, ziyon, damages –zarar o’rnini qoplash Development –taraqqiyot, developments –voqea-hodisa Direction – yo’nalish, directions –ko’rsatma Duty – burch, duties - soliq Picture – kartina, pictures - kino From the above examples, it can be seen that the suffix -s, which is used to indicate the plural of horses in the English language, has a completely new meaning when it is added to the base. This leads to the fact that the 113 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) lexicalization phenomenon is considered as one of the manifestations of word formation. In conclusion, the phenomenon of lexicalization, based on the transition of grammatical units into a lexical-semantic field, is theoretically defined in Uzbek and English. In practice, it varies depending on the degree of its occurrence at the level of the language and the factors that cause it.