Вопросы, касающиеся административной преюдиции в уголовном праве некоторых зарубежных стран

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: Цель создания Международного уголовного суда принцип заключается в усилении ответственности за тяжкие дополнительности, международные преступления через глобальное юрисдикция, сотрудничество. Однако его юрисдикция требует договаривающееся государство. грамотного взаимодействия с национальными судами. Римский статут утвердил принцип дополнительной юрисдикции Международного уголовного суда. Данная статья призвана осветить значение, особенности и практическое применение этого принципа, а также его признание и восприятие со стороны разных стран и Совета Безопасности. На практике дополнительный принцип юрисдикции Международного уголовного суда активно применяется. An overview of the principle of complementarity in the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court 1. The meaning of the principle of complementarity The establishment of the International Criminal Court is the result of the legal creation and punishment of crimes, and many sovereign countries believe that the establishment of the International Criminal Court will inevitably sacrifice or require the transfer of some of their sovereignty. According to the principle of national sovereignty, a country has the right to exercise jurisdiction over criminal acts within its territory, as well as the right to exercise jurisdiction over criminal acts committed by its nationals outside its territory. At present, there are situations where some sovereign countries are unwilling or unable to exercise jurisdiction to curb serious criminal acts, which requires an international institution to exercise jurisdiction over such serious international criminal crimes. Balancing national sovereignty with the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court is by no means an easy task. Respect for national sovereignty is a fundamental principle of international criminal law, which is revealed in respect for the domestic jurisdiction of countries over international crimes in terms of jurisdiction. This is also a common requirement for all international organizations. Only when domestic courts are unable or unwilling to exercise jurisdiction over international crimes can jurisdiction be transferred to the International Criminal Court to bring the perpetrators to justice. Therefore, the complementary principle of the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court is manifested as under normal circumstances, the jurisdiction to prevent, combat, and punish international 84 Жамият ва инновациялар – Общество и инновации – Society and innovations Issue – 4 № 5 (2023) / ISSN 2181-1415 criminal crimes is in the hands of sovereign states; only when sovereign states are unable or refuse to exercise this jurisdiction can the International Criminal Court take over. On the one hand, it respects the status of national sovereignty to ensure national jurisdiction, and on the other hand, it effectively avoids the situation where the International Criminal Court becomes a subsidiary institution of domestic courts of sovereign states. From this, it can be seen that the International Criminal Court only plays a supplementary role and cannot replace domestic courts. However this does not mean that the status of the International Criminal Court is lower than that of domestic courts, and the purpose of the principle of complementarity is to urge domestic courts to actively exercise their rights. In summary, the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court is a supplement to national jurisdiction. When both domestic courts and the International Criminal Court have jurisdiction over a crime, domestic courts have priority rights to investigate and prosecute. Only domestic courts cannot punish crimes, and the International Criminal Court exercises jurisdiction to ensure judicial fairness. 2. Characteristics of the principle of complementarity Compared with the International Court of Justice, the principle of complementarity of the International Criminal Court has the following characteristics: firstly, the principle of complementarity has a statutory nature. Different from the conditions for the establishment of the jurisdiction of the contracting parties of the International Court of Justice, the jurisdiction of the contracting parties of the International Criminal Court is automatically established when they become a contracting party. As long as they become a contracting party, they recognize that the International Criminal Court has jurisdiction over core crimes, which is in accordance with the relevant provisions of the Rome Statute. Secondly, the principle of complementarity is humility. The Rome Statute lists four types of crimes: genocide, harm to humanity, war, and aggression. The necessary prerequisite for the International Criminal Court to have jurisdiction over it is to become a contracting party or issue a declaration to accept the jurisdiction of the International Criminal Court. The principle of complementarity respects fully the jurisdiction of sovereign states