Interpretation of national interests and problems of international law in the ideology of neoconservatism

Аннотация

The article discusses the approaches of the US ideology of neoconservatism to national interests, the attitude of neoconservative theorists to international relations and world politics, the neoconservative interpretation of the harmony of foreign policy and national interests, and the conflict with international law. Keywords: neoconservatism, foreign policy, international relations, national interest, international law, political ideology, USA, security In the current era of globalization, the democratization of society and governance and the building of civil society are becoming increasingly important. Modern ideological processes affect all spheres of social life and reflect the nature of the domestic and foreign policies of states that are on the path of development, their attitude to international legal norms. It is well known that today the norms of international law take precedence over the national legal approaches of states, and this system is considered a reliable factor in the stability of world politics and international relations. At the same time, domestic and foreign policy, formed under the influence of modern political ideologies, sometimes contradicts the norms of international law. In particular, the radical ideas and hegemonic approaches of the neoconservatism ideology formed in the United States do not conform much to the rules of international institutions. 92 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) For liberals, international law, international organizations, and universal morality have played a key role in defending U.S. national interests, while for conservatives, the first priority for the U.S. has been to balance the forces of its close allies in the international arena and protect American business. U.S. conservative foreign policy traditions have emphasized a lack of confidence in multilateral international institutions and the predominance of unilateral actions by the United States and its allies. Adherence to tradition has led to increased focus on military capabilities and increased defense spending. Such features of American conservatism can also be seen in today’s foreign policy strategies. One of the peculiarities of the ideology of U.S. neoconservatism is reflected in the attitudes of neoconservative theorists to issues of international relations and world politics. The foreign policy ideology of neoconservatism sees international relations as a highly conflicted, anarchic environment, and recognizes the decisive role of the power factor. According to neoconservatives, humanity will always exist in the "anarchic world of T.Hobbes", where international legal norms are ineffective, the promotion of security and liberal order depends on the existing military force and readiness to use it. In international relations where anarchy reigns, the power of a particular state is a more important factor for neoconservatives. R.Kagan emphasizes that this rule has been relevant since the time of the Roman Empire and is still so today .... Despite the possible abuse, military force remains a universal tool for solving problems[1]. According to the neoconservative approach, international law and institutions are ineffective tools and can also play a negative role in advancing national interests. Allied states are perceived by neoconservatives as a situation where interests are matched. But still their reliability is questionable, the main means of restraining them is military force. Another characteristic feature of neoconservatism is its rigid approach to evaluating a state’s foreign policy by its political system. Autocracies, authoritarian regimes are more aggressive subjects of international relations, and at the domestic political level they are not bound by certain restrictions. Democracies, on the other hand, are more peace- loving. J. Kirpatrick also emphasizes that there is a need for US power for the survival of liberal democracy[2, р.3-16]. Based on historical experience, neoconservatism is close to realist approaches as the main source of theoretical and empirical conclusions about security strategy and foreign policy. Like political realism, neoconservatism sees the nation-state as the main subject. In contrast, neoconservatism denies the "balance of power" and "de- ideology of national interests", which are important concepts of realism. The 93 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) factor that brings us closer to the liberal paradigm is the strategy of spreading democracy. But the difference is in the use of military force. For neoconservatism, moral correctness is important, not factual truth. Unlike realists who base the system of stability and relations in international relations on a "balance of power," neoconservatives seek to articulate this issue through the ideology of "America's Choice" and the universality of American socio-political principles. That is, instead of trying to strike a balance against the U.S., a weak