THE ROLE OF K. LINNAEUS' SYSTEMATIC IN THE DEVELOPMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCE

Аннотация

Изучение флоры и фауны, их исследование на научном уровне начиналось с систематизации видов растений и животных, т. е. систематизации. В результате крушения феодализма и связанных с ним социально-экономических условий наука и искусство после длительного периода застоя стали развиваться. Естественные науки этого периода характеризовались сбором информации и ее систематизацией. Наиболее оптимальным образом расположить имеющиеся материалы и широко использоватьих напути науки осуществилвеликийшведскийучёный КарлЛинней. ANNOTATION: The study of flora and fauna, their research at the scientific level, began with the arrangement of plant and animal species, i.e. systematization. As a result of the collapse of feudalism and the related social and economic conditions, science and art began to develop after a long period of stagnation. The natural sciences of this period were characterized by the collection of information and their systematization. The arrangement of existing materials in the most optimal way and its wide use in the way of science was carried out by the great Swedish scientistCarl Linnaeus. Ключевые слова и фразы: ботанический, феодализм, натуралистичес-кий, уникальный, декоративный, гербарий, серия, вид, природные ресурсы, научное творчество, научные общества, флора, номенклатура, двойное название, класс, порядок, поколение, видовая категория, кровное родство, комплексный подход, органы растений, физиолого- биохимическиепроцессы,анатомия,физиология,биохимия,генетика,экология,эволюция. Key words and phrases: botanical, feudalism, naturalist, unique, ornamental, herbarium, series, species, natural resources, scientific creation, scientific societies, flora, nomenclature, double name, class, order, generation, species category, blood-kinship, complex approach, plant organs, physiological-biochemical processes, anatomy, physiology, biochemistry, genetics, ecology, evolution. It is difficult to answer the question of where the study of plants and animals first began, but it can be said that their scientific study began with the organization, that is, the systematization, of plantand animal species. [1,2] Yes, by the 14th-17th centuries, as a result of the collapse of the feudal era and the socio- economic conditions that arose in connection with it, science and art began to develop after a long period of stagnation. Great discoveries and inventions were made during this period. For example: Land and sea routes to India were opened. America and Australia were discovered. 396 Magellan circumnavigated the globe for the first time. Universities and botanical gardens were established in several majorEuropean cities. Originalarticle ISSN:3030-3931, Impact factor: 7,241 Volume 7,issue1,Aprel 2025 https://worldlyjournals.com/index.php/Yangiizlanuvchi worldly knowledge OAKIndex bazalari : research gate, research bib. Qo’shimchaindex bazalari:zenodo,open aire. googlescholar. The natural sciences of this period were characterized by the collection and systematization of information. The fact that plant names consisted of several words made it difficult to systematize them. The great Italian botanist A. Cezalpino (1519-1603) was the first to overcome these difficulties, dividing more than 840 species of flowering plants into 15 classes, and non-flowering plants into 16 classes. Despite the fact that A. Cezalpino's system was artificial, he correctly placed the genera and species of legumes, umbellifers, and complex flowering plants among the plant groups. Since A. Cezalpino did not yet have information about spore plants, he placed fungi, ferns, and bryophytes in a separate class. He even confused the monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous classes offlowering plants. Later scientists also tried to systematize plants. In this regard, such great scientists as the Swedish scientist K. Baugin, the English scientist D. Ray, and the French scientist Tournefort did a great job. Without belittling the work of these naturalists, it can be said that the task of organizing the available materials in the most optimal way and creating the opportunity for their widespread use in science fell to the great Swedish scientist Carl Linnaeus. Thanks to his scientificcourage, thesciences ofbotany and zoology entered astage ofrapid development. [1] In the southern Swedish province of Söland, the garden of the priest Nils Linnaeus was the most beautiful and unique. Linnaeus spent his free time in his garden, lovingly caring for the rare, ornamental shrubs and trees brought from abroad. The priest's son Carl grew up in this garden. The father never tired of telling his son about plants, telling him their names, their benefits and harms. The passion instilled in him in his youth paid off. Carl became very interested in the world of plants and animals during his years at a special grammar school, and then in high school. He read the works of the great naturalists of his time, and from that time he began to collect herbariums. Seeing that his so