CHANGES IN THE AGROCHEMICAL STATE OF SALINATED SOILS DURING THE INTERCULTIVATION OF SUNFLOWER, MUSHROOM AND SOYBEAN CROPS

Аннотация

This article presents data on the impact of companion crops, namely sunflower, mung bean, soybean and alfalfa, on the agrochemical properties of the soil in saline soils of the central scientificexperimental farm ofthePSUEAITI. Keywords: Saline soils, intercropping, sunflower, mung bean, soybean and alfalfa crops, agrochemical properties ofsoil. Abstract: V dannoy state predstavleny svedeniya o vliyanii agrokhimicheskih svoystv pochvy na zasolennye pochvy tsentralnogo nauchno-opytnogo hozyyastva PGUEAITI pri vozdelyvanii kultur-partnerov -podsolnechnika, masha, soi i lucerny. Key words: Zasolennye pochvy, soputstvuyushchie kultury, kultury podsolnechnika, masha, soi ilyutserny, agrokhimicheskie svoystva pochvy. Abstract: This article presents data on the impact of companion crops, namely sunflower, mung bean, soybean and alfalfa, on the agrochemical properties of the soil in saline soils of the central scientificexperimental farm ofthePSUEAITI. Keywords: Saline soils, intercropping, sunflower, mung bean, soybean and alfalfa crops, agrochemical properties ofsoil. Introduction. There are saline and wind-eroded soils in the republic. In saline and wind-eroded soils,theproductivity ofagricultural crops decreases andthequality ofthe product deteriorates. the Development of Agriculture of the Republic of Uzbekistan for 2020-2030 identifies "...improving the reclamation condition of irrigated lands, rational and economical use of water resources, and on this basis achieving sustainable agricultural production" as one of the importanttasks [ 1]. In this regard, it is an urgent task in our republic to conduct scientific research on the joint planting of various crops onsaline and wind-eroded lands, tomake the most of theavailable land area, to maintain soil fertility, to fully provide the population with ecologically clean food products, and to obtain high-quality yields from agricultural crops [1]. One of the most important land types in the economy of the Republic of Uzbekistan is arable land. The total area of arable land in the republic is 4064.7 thousand hectares, including 3307.3 thousand hectares of irrigated arable land or 16.2% of agricultural land types, and 757.4 thousand hectares of dry arable land or 3.0% of agricultural land types. Currently, 25% of all types of used land are severely degraded, 8% are moderately degraded, 36% are stable or very slightly degraded, and 10% are improving. Approximately 18% ofland resources are vacant land, 2%are covered byinland waters [2]. https://ijmri.de/index.php/jmsi volume 4,issue2,2025 109 The fact that paragraph 72 of the Concept for the Effective Use of Land and Water Resources in Agriculture, approved by the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF-5742 "On Measures for the Effective Use of Land and Water Resources in Agriculture" dated June 17, 2019, also sets out tasks for "accelerating scientific research aimed at increasing soil fertility and preventing soil erosion and degradation", requires conducting scientific research on a large scale inthis regard and is an urgent task [2]. According to HM Maksudov, the onset of erosion depends on the mechanical composition of the soil,theamount ofhumus, and theslopeofthesloping land. In typical gray sandy soils, theslope is1.5-2 0,In humus-rich black soils, erosion processes develop at 2-3 °C(Makhsudov,1981)[3]. In their scientific research, X.M. Maksudov and N.P. Kuchkarov noted that irrigation erosion is caused by the slope of the cultivated land, the tendency of the soil to leach, the amount of humus in it, the grain size of the soil, the amount of water distributed over the field, and a number of otherfactors (Makhsudov and Kuchkarov 2002) [4]. In the scientific experiments conducted by EATurbanov in the fight against irrigation erosion, the following conclusions were reached: 1. With an increase in the slope, and thus with an increase in water consumption per plot, erosion processes intensify. For example, with a slope of 0.02 and a water consumption per plot of 0.1-0.5 l/s, soil washing out increases from 3.0 to 15.5 tons; with a slope of 0.070 and a water consumption of 0.1-0.4 l/s, soil washing out increases from 4.9 to 19.40tons(Turbanov, 2010)[5]. The main data obtained from scientific experiments, in studies conducted to study the effect of sunflower, mung bean and soybean crops grown in a planned cooperative manner in the experimental system on the total forms of humus, nitrogen and phosphorus in saline soils, showed that at the beginning of the period of application, the humus content in the top layer of the soil (0-30 cm) was 0.553%, nitrogen0.056%, phosphorus 0.046%, humus 0.467%, nitrogen 0.048%, phosphorus 0.040% in the subsoil layer (30-50 cm) of the soil. When the mobile forms of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were studied, the amount of nitrogen in the subsoil layer (0-30 cm) of the soil was 10.1 mg/kg, phosphorus18.2 mg/kg, potassium 60 mg/kg, and in the subsoil (30-50 cm)