Developing standardized and stable pedagogical technologies for teaching pathophysiology

Аннотация

Currently, one of the main tasks of language learners is independent and active participation in COPYRIGHT intercultural communication aimed at using the © 2025 Original content from this work may be used under the terms knowledge gained directly in their professional of the creative commons attributes 4.0 License. activities through studying the culture of a foreign language in order to form communicative competence. The use of authentic materials in teaching foreign languages in practical activities during the educational process helps to solve these problems. Keywords: Methodology, term, term, competence, study. Introduction: In the process of teaching English, great attention is paid to concepts such as authentic materials and authentic text. First of all, if we look at the word Authentic, it is derived from the Greek word authentikos - originality, that is, true to the original, corresponding to the real situation [1; 383- b]. In order to clarify the concept of authentic materials and the problem of their use, a number of studies have been conducted by linguists and methodologists M.P. Breen, G.I. Voronina, E.V. Nosovich, R.P. Milrud, L. Van Lier, B. Tomalin, F. Mishan, Gebhard and others. There are several approaches to understanding what authentic materials are. In the process of dealing with authentic materials, we encounter the concept of "Authentic text". About this concept, W.Guariento and J.Morley argued that an authentic text is a produced language created to achieve some social goals in the society [22; 347-b]. According to F.Mishan, authentic materials are texts created for real communicative purposes [39]. However, M.P.Breen argued that authentic texts in the context of language learning European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research 114 https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijmrms and Management Studies European International Journal of Multidisciplinary Research and Management Studies mean any source of information that helps students comprehension. The first strategy is identifying the develop real understanding. purpose in reading in order to be efficient in reading. The readers should have clear aim why they are The next problem relates to the students. Since reading reading. The readers’ clear purpose of reading will comprehension ist he process of constructing guide them to the specific information they need and meanings, the students are difficult to comprehend remove or throw away the unwanted information. theEnglish passages. They commonly complain that The next strategy is using graphemic rules and there are too many words they cannot understand patterns to aid in bottom-up decoding. This strategy from the passages. They tend to fail in acquiring the is useful for the beginning level of students. They meaning of the reading texts and also difficult in can make some correspondences between spoken finding the main idea and details information of the and written form to help them to do bottom-up texts. These problems occur because of their decoding. Then they can perform efficient silent lack of vocabularies. The next factor which is the reading techniques to increase efficiency in reading. students’ lack of prior knowledge and reading Also, the reader can use skimming to glance and strategies to generate inferences may cause the determine the text’s gist. It gives readers the advantage students comprehensionof texts low. Moreover, of being able to predict the purpose of the passage, the their motivation and interest is found to be low. main topic, or message, and possibly some of the The laziness and boredom of the students is found developing of supporting ideas. As well as skimming, when they are provided with the same textbook every the reader can use scanning to search for some day. They are lack of exposure in English in their particular piece or pieces of information in a text. The teachingand learning process. They did not get enough purpose of scanning is to extract specific information experience in dealing with the real-life reading skills, without reading through the whole text. they just familiar with the passages which are specially written for language teaching purposes. This “The popularity of authentic audio-visual materials lies condition makes the wrong perception on the in their ability to create an interactive language students that learning English is something that they environment for language learners,” notes the Russian are not necessary to do except for their score in the scholar G. A. Vorobyov [66; 30-36-bb]. classroom. Furthermore, variety of texts derives Peacock highlighted the following main functions of variety of reading performance. Several types of authentic materials: reading may occur as suggested by Brown (2001: 312) - They have a positive effect on student motivation. which arecategorized into two broad types, oral and silent reading performances. Oral reading is - They provide real cultural information. occasionally for beginner a