The Spirit of Pessimism in Arthur Schopenhauer’s Moral Philosophy

Аннотация

This article is dedicated to the philosophy of Arthur Schopenhauer, particularly focusing on his concepts of will, morality, and piety. From Schopenhauer's point of view, the will is the primary creative principle of the world, functioning as an unconscious and blind force. He bases moral consciousness on compassion, which he considers the foundation for human solidarity and overcoming selfishness. The article analyzes the contradictory relationship between goodness and the will to live: the moral individual seeks piety through an understanding of suffering, which ultimately leads to the denial of the will and results in either deep philosophical pessimism or supreme serenity. Schopenhauer's views on suicide, palingenesis, and nirvana are also explored. This analysis reveals the profound meanings behind the philosopher's pessimistic worldview and moral philosophy.