STAGES OF FORMATION OF TOURISM INFRASTRUCTURE IN UZBEKISTAN

Аннотация

In the article the author has classified and shown the stages of the formation of tourism infrastructure in Uzbekistan. Key words: tourism, infrastructure, economy, service, tourist, currency, income, transport, hotel, organizational and economic, "Uzbektourism" NK. Annotasiya: Maqolada muallif O‘zbekistonda turizm infratuzilmasining shakllanishi bosqichlariini davrlashtirgan va ko‘rsatib bergan. Kalit so‘zlar: turizm, infratuzilma , iqtisodiyot, xizmat, sayyoh, valyuta, daromad, transport, mehmonxona, tashikiliy-iqtisodiy, “O‘zbekturizm” MK. Аннотация: В статье автор описывает и иллюстрирует этапы становления туристической инфраструктуры в Узбекистане. Ключевые слова: туризм, инфраструктура, экономика, услуга, турист, валюта, доход, транспорт, гостиница, организационно-экономический, НК «Узбектуризм». Introduction. As a result of the Republic of Uzbekistan gaining its independence on September 1, 1991, economic reforms began to be carried out in the country at an accelerated pace. Similarly, the national tourism infrastructure began to take shape in these years. The formation and development of the national tourism infrastructure began to be led by the National Company "Uzbektourism". At that time, in the development of tourism in our republic, the National Company "Uzbektourism" was considered an economic organization with the rights to conduct state administration and foreign economic activity. It would not be wrong to say that the formation and development of the national tourism infrastructure began in these years. Reforms began to be implemented gradually in order to form and develop national tourism. Analysis and results. The first stage of economic reforms and infrastructure reconstruction in the national tourism system can be said to have begun in 1992. This reform, which began in the republic, was carried out on the basis of a new economy (market economy). During this period, organizational, economic and management processes were formed. The “Uzbektourism” State 212 SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY International scientific-online conference Enterprise was founded and the directions of tourism development were identified. The second stage of economic reform of the tourism industry covers 1993- 1995. During this period, a national model for the development of tourism infrastructure was developed. This stage showed that, along with the growth of tourist services, a number of problems needed to be solved. These problems were related to the development of new tourist routes, improving service provision, expanding the material and technical base of tourism, further improving management and creating a legal framework, and it became clear that they could not be solved only within the framework of the “Uzbektourism” State Enterprise. In the process of infrastructure restructuring, a number of tourist facilities were removed from the state network and privatized. Significant changes were made in the hotel industry (new hotels were built, the number of rooms increased). Thus, by the end of 1993, 123 organizations with legal and independent balance sheets were operating in the tourism system of our republic. From July 1, 1995, the third stage of development began to be implemented. At the same time, the Ministry of Foreign Affairs established a single tourist visa valid throughout the country (except for facilities designated by the state). Another bright step in the development of tourism was the approval by the Cabinet of Ministers of the national program "Heritage", aimed at the preservation and reproduction of historical and cultural monuments, architectural structures, and created works of art. During this period, regulations were developed on special open economic zones for international tourism in Tashkent, Samarkand, Bukhara and Khiva. In order to establish direct contacts with tour operators, the Uzbek Tourism Company opened its representative offices (representatives) in countries where Uzbekistan has air connections. In Germany (Frankfurt), Great Britain (London), the USA (New York), the United Arab Emirates (Sharjah), and Russia (Moscow). In 1996-1997, the fourth stage of improving and reforming the tourism infrastructure was carried out. At the same time, active privatization began in the service sector. In 1996, 90% of the total number of tourist facilities in the Uzbek Tourism Company system was de-stated. A new type of development has entered Uzbek tourism since that time. Since 1998, Uzbekistan has entered the fifth stage of tourism reform. This is a stage of recovery, and a number of reforms have been implemented to ensure 213 SOLUTION OF SOCIAL PROBLEMS IN MANAGEMENT AND ECONOMY International scientific-online conference the balanced development of infrastructure. As a result, this has led to an increase in export potential, a stable flow of foreign exchange, tourists, private capital and investment. By the resolution of the Cabinet of Ministers “On improving the organi