PRODUCTION OF COMPOSITE GYPSUM MIXTURES FOR THE PRODUCTION OF HEAT-INSULATING MATERIALS USING ALUMINOSILICATE ASH MICROSPHERES

Аннотация

The paper presents the results of selecting the composition of composite gypsum materials using inorganic fillers - ash microspheres, which are formed during the combustion of coal at thermal power plants. Based on the laboratory studies, composite compositions have been developed for obtaining heat-insulating building products with low bulk density. The rheological properties and physical and mechanical properties of mortar mixtures have been studied and the optimal compositions of composite gypsum mixtures for the production of heat- insulatingmaterials usingaluminosilicate ash microspheres havebeen determined. Key words: mineral binders, filler, aluminosilicate microsphere, low bulk density, superplasticizer,compositecomposition,density,thermal insulation materials. Introduction. Modern trends in the development of competitive production require the creation of new promising thermal insulation materials for various purposes, consisting of mineral binders, organic andinorganic porous mineral fillers with lowbulk density. Theuse ofinorganic and organic lightweight fillers in the production of thermal insulation materials based on gypsum binders allows you to adjust and improve the construction and technical and thermal insulationproperties ofmineral binders and materials based onittospecified quality criteria. Currently, new thermal insulation materials using inorganic porous fillers with low bulk density are increasingly used in construction. All this requires the development of the most effective compositionsofthermal insulation materials witha lowthermal conductivity coefficient. Currently, the use of non-traditional porous fillers in the production of heat-insulating materials with low bulk density is becoming widespread, for example, aluminosilicate ash microspheres with various mineral binders and water-soluble polymers [1], which also act as a binder. The use of ash microspheres as a component in cement or gypsum mixtures gives the material heat- insulatingproperties and has increased physical and mechanical characteristics [1,2]. Aluminosilicate ash microspheres are a uniquematerial with a wide range of applications. These are hollow glass-crystalline aluminosilicate balls, which have a number of names: light fraction of fly ash, ash microspheres, microspheres. Aluminosilicate microspheres are formed during high-temperature flare combustion of coal at thermal power plants, as a result of granulation of page1042 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue04,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai the melt of the mineral part of the coal by crushing it into individual small drops and swelling of thelatterduetoan increase ingas inclusions. Object and methods of research. During laboratory research on the development of thermal insulation material compositions for partition purposes, composite gypsum binders were used as a binder and aluminosilicate ash microspheres were used as a lightweight filler. To reduce the water:solid ratio and increase the spreadability of solution mixtures, a water-reducing additive was used - superplasticizer Polyplast SP-1. Polyplast SP-1 is manufactured according to TU 5870-002-58042865-05 in the form of dry powder and aqueous solution at the production sites ofPolyplast OJSC[3]. Composite gypsum compositions for the production of thermal insulation materials with low bulk density were prepared in laboratory conditions. The homogenization process of the original materials was carried out in a laboratory ball mill for 20 minutes [2,3]. The physical and mechanical properties of the developed compositions were studied according to GOST 23789- 2018 in standard samples of beams measuring 4x4x16 cm molded from mortar mixtures of normal density, the thermal conductivity coefficient of the samples was determined according to GOST 17177-94,“Building thermal insulationmaterials andproducts. Test methods”. The results obtained and their discussion. Aluminosilicate microspheres obtained from ash and slag are a mineral expanded finely dispersed bulk product of light gray color, consisting of hollow spherical particles of regular shape with a diameter of 5 to 500 microns with solid non- porous walls with a thickness of 5 to 10% of the particle diameter, and in chemical composition corresponds to the main composition of impurities of burnt coals. The internal cavity of the particles is filled with nitrogen and carbon dioxide. Laboratory studies have shown that aluminosilicate ash microspheres have the lowest density and are several times less than the density of water, which is the basis for effective gravitational separation of microspheres from fly ash in an aquatic environment. Tables 1 and 2 show the chemical compositionandphysical characteristics of aluminosilicateash microspheres. Table1 Chemical composition ofaluminosilicateash microspheres. Oxide content, mass.% SiO А