Scientific and Theoretical Foundations of The Differential Approach to Enhancing Auditory and Speech Activity in Children with Cochlear Implants

Аннотация

This article analyzes the scientific and theoretical foundations of a differential approach aimed at enhancing auditory and speech activity in children with cochlear implants. Although the technology of cochlear implantation has been scientifically proven to positively influence the speech development of children with hearing impairments, the necessity for a special pedagogical approach that considers each child’s individual characteristics remains a pressing issue. The study examines methodologies for increasing auditory and speech activity in children with cochlear implants based on the principles of differential approach. Additionally, the process of perception and the development of communicative skills in children with restored hearing is explored from the perspectives of psycholinguistics, defectology, and pedagogy. The research evaluates the effectiveness of special educational technologies and rehabilitation programs conducted on the basis of individualized programs and identifies factors contributing to increased outcomes. The article serves as a methodological guide for teachers, speech therapists, defectologists, and parents working with children with cochlear implants. Furthermore, the findings are expected to contribute to scientific research in the fields of surdopedagogy and special education. Keywords: Cochlear implantation, auditory-speech activity, differential approach, special education, European International Journal of Pedagogics 71 https://eipublication.com/index.php/eijp European International Journal of Pedagogics rehabilitation, surdopedagogy, defectology, hearing invented a single-channel cochlear implant device. In function, speech development, pedagogical 1961, in the United States, physician William House technologies, individual educational program, conducted experiments on implanting and stimulating logopedics, compensatory mechanisms, sensory single-channel electrodes on the auditory nerve. On integration, communicative competence. December 16, 1977, at the otolaryngology clinic of the Vienna University of Technology, Kurt Burian performed the first surgical procedure to implant an eight-channel Introduction: One of the key areas of modern microelectronic cochlear implant. surdopedagogy is the development of innovative That same year, Australian scientist Graeme Clark approaches aimed at ensuring the speech and received a grant for research on “Developing Auditory communicative development of children with hearing Prostheses.” In 1978, a successful surgical procedure to impairments. The advancement of cochlear implant a cochlear device was carried out on a patient implantation technology has created new named Rod Saunders at the University of Melbourne. opportunities for children with hearing loss. Until 1984, the number of patients who had received Scientific studies show that the effectiveness of cochlear implants did not exceed four hundred adult auditory and verbal rehabilitation after cochlear patients. Multi-channel implants began to be installed in implantation depends on the individual characteristics patients. However, the technology was still not perfect. of the child and the pedagogical approach applied. A Surgical procedures were performed only on adults. By differentiated approach is of great importance when 1990, in the United States, surgical operations began to working with children who have cochlear implants, as be conducted starting from the age of 2. Eight years each child’s hearing ability, speech development, and later, it was allowed from 1.5 years, and another four psychological condition can vary greatly. years later, from the age of 1. In 1991, the first cochlear The theoretical foundations of a differentiated implant was registered in the Russian Federation. Since approach are based on the works of scholars such as 2005, this technology has been successfully used at the Vygotsky, Luria, and Leontiev, who emphasized that a Scientific and Clinical Center of Otorhinolaryngology, child’s psychological development is shaped in the St. Petersburg Research Institute of Ear, Throat, accordance with their individual characteristics. Nose and Speech, and the Russian Scientific and The aim of this study Is to explore the scientific Practical Center for Audiology and Hearing Prosthetics. foundations of a differentiated approach in enhancing By 2013, in Uzbekistan, surgical operations to install the auditory-verbal activity of children with cochlear cochlear implant devices had been carried out for nearly implants and to identify effective pedagogical 20 children with hearing impairments or deafness. In methods. This issue remains relevant in the fields of 2013, an international methodological seminar was defectology, surdopedagogy, and rehabilitation, with organized in Uzbekistan on the topic “Psychological and research results contributing to the improvement of pedagogical support for children with cochlear special education practices. implants” by the Republi