MAKTABGACHA TAYYORLOV GURUHI BOLALARI MULOQATCHANLIGINI TEATR FAOLIYATI ASOSIDA RIVOJLANTIRISH METODIKASI

Аннотация

This scientific and methodological work highlights the role and importance of theatrical activity in the formation and development of communicative abilities of children in the preschool preparatory group. The child's ability to enter into verbal and social communication with others is one of the important factors in his further development. It is theatrical activity that serves as an effective tool in this regard, because it takes place in a playful, emotionally enriched, socio- emotional environment. During the study, the pedagogical and psychological essence of the concept of communicativeness was revealed, and the influence of theatrical activity on the speech development of preschool children was theoretically and practically substantiated. The formation of skills in children such as free expression of thoughts, fluent speech, teamwork, and self-control through such types of activities as theatrical games, pantomime, stage performances, role-playing games, and dramatization was analyzed. The work proposes effective methodological approaches to organizing theatrical activities with children. This methodology has been tested through experimental and practical work and positive results have been recorded. In particular, the constant use of theatrical activities has a positive effect on children's speech activity, vocabulary, expressiveness and socialization. This work can be a useful scientific and practical guide for teachers of preschool educational organizations, speech therapists, methodologists and parents. The purposeful use of theatrical activities serves to form important socio-speech competencies necessary for children at the stage of preparation for school. Keywords: preschool education, preparatory group, communication skills, theatrical activity, role play, speech development, social skills, dramatization, pantomime, methodology Maktabgacha ta’lim bosqichi — bolaning shaxs sifatida shakllanishida, ijtimoiylashuvi va nutqiy rivojida hal qiluvchi davr hisoblanadi. Ayniqsa, tayyorlov guruhi yoshidagi bolalarda muloqotchanlik, ya’ni o‘z fikrini erkin ifoda etish, suhbatdoshni tinglash, ijtimoiy aloqalar o‘rnatish kabi ko‘nikmalarning shakllanishi ular uchun keyingi bosqich — maktab hayotiga puxta tayyorgarlik bo‘ladi. Bu jarayonda teatr faoliyati muhim o‘rin tutadi, chunki u bolalar uchun tabiiy, qiziqarli va his-tuyg‘ular bilan boyitilgan o‘yinli muhit yaratadi. [1] Teatr faoliyati bolalarning muloqotchanligini rivojlantirishda samarali pedagogik vosita sifatida tan olinadi. Bu faoliyat turida bola nafaqat o‘z nutqini mashq qiladi, balki rolli o‘yinlar orqali boshqalarning fikrini anglaydi, his-tuyg‘ularni ifodalaydi, muayyan ijtimoiy holatlarni tushunib yetadi. Ayniqsa dramatizatsiya, pantomima, sahna ko‘rinishlari orqali bola harakat, mimika va nutq vositasida o‘zini erkin ifoda eta boshlaydi. [2] Amaliy kuzatuvlar shuni ko‘rsatadiki, teatr faoliyatini tizimli va maqsadli tashkil etish orqali bolalarda quyidagi ko‘nikmalar samarali rivojlanadi: - nutqning aniqligi va ravonligi; - boy lug‘at zahirasi va to‘g‘ri grammatik qurilish; - sahnadagi erkin harakat va o‘ziga ishonch; - diqqat, eslab qolish, his qilish va tafakkur ko‘nikmalari; - ijtimoiy faoliyat va jamoada ishlash tajribasi. [3] Shuningdek, teatr o‘yinlari bolaning ijtimoiy-emosional sohasini ham faol rivojlantiradi. Bola rol o‘ynar ekan, boshqa insonlarning holatiga kirib boradi, empatiya (hamdardlik) hosil qiladi, muomala madaniyati va etiketni amaliy tarzda o‘zlashtiradi. [4] 55 Ushbu metodikaga asoslangan tajriba ishlarida teatr faoliyatini bolalar bilan muntazam ravishda o‘tkazish natijasida ularning muloqotchanligi, sahnada o‘zini erkin tutish darajasi, hissiy ifoda vositalari va nutqiy faolligi ortgani kuzatildi. Bu esa teatr faoliyatining nafaqat o‘yin- kulgi sifatida, balki bolalar rivojiga ta’sirchan ta’limiy usul sifatida qo‘llanilishi mumkinligini ko‘rsatadi.Bugungi kunda bolalarning ijtimoiylashuvi, atrofdagilar bilan to‘g‘ri va samarali muloqotga kirishishi maktabgacha ta’lim jarayonining muhim yo‘nalishlaridan biri hisoblanadi. Ayniqsa, tayyorlov guruhidagi bolalar maktabga qadam qo‘yish arafasida bo‘lib, ularda ijtimoiy va nutqiy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirish ustuvor ahamiyat kasb etadi. Teatr faoliyati esa bolalarda muloqot madaniyati, nutq erkinligi va ifodaviylikni rivojlantirishda samarali vositadir. [5] Teatr faoliyatining asosida bolaning tabiiy ehtiyoji — o‘yin faoliyati yotadi. Vygotskiy ta’kidlaganidek, o‘yin bolada yaqin taraqqiyot zonasi orqali ijtimoiy va nutqiy ko‘nikmalarni shakllantirishda muhim vositadir. Teatrlashtirilgan o‘yinlar esa aynan shu jarayonni faol rag‘batlantiradi. Bolalar rolli o‘yinlar orqali real hayotdagi vaziyatlarni qayta jonlantiradi, turli rollarga kirib, ijtimoiy vazifalarni bajarishni mashq qiladi. Bu esa ularning kommunikativ kompetensiyasini shakllantiradi. [6] Teatr faoliyati jarayonida bola: nutqiy holatlar asosida muloqotga kirishishni o‘rganadi; ifodali so‘zlash, pauza, intonat