SOCIAL PROCESSES IN CHAGATAI ULUS

Аннотация

This article analyzes the socio-economic history of the Chagatai tribe, land relations and tax system during theMongol period. After thedeath of Genghis Khan, the role of Mahmud Yalavoch in Movarunnahr, the introduction of new forms of taxation (for example, "kalon", "kopchur", "tamg'a") and land reforms are shown. The Mongols' policy of tax collection and land management, and the plight of artisans and peasants, are discussed. Also discussed is the decline in trade and the derailment of money circulation. The article contains importantinformation about thesocio-economicsystem oftheMongol period. Key words:Chagatai tribe, Mongols, Mahmud Yalavoch, land relations, tax system, economic reforms, social strata, handicrafts, farming, tax forms, "kalon", "kapchur", "tamg'a", land ownership, property relations, money circulation, Central Asia, Mongol rule, economic crisis. Annotatsiya:Ushbu maqolada Chig‘atoy ulusining ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy tarixi, Mo‘g‘ullar davridagi yer munosabatlari va soliq tizimi tahlil qilinadi. Chingizxon vafotidan keyin Mahmud Yalavochning Movarounnahrdagi roli, yangi soliq shakllarining (masalan, "kalon", "qopchur", "tamg‘a") joriy etilishi va yerlar bo‘yicha islohotlar ko‘rsatilgan. Mo‘g‘ullar tomonidan soliq yig‘ish va yer egaligini boshqarishdagi siyosat, hunarmandlar va dehqonlarning og‘ir ahvoli haqida to‘xtalib o‘tiladi. Shuningdek, savdo-sotiqning pasayishi va pul muomalasining izdan chiqishi ham muhokama qilinadi. Maqola Mo‘g‘ullar davrining ijtimoiy-iqtisodiy tizimigaoid muhimma’lumotlarni o‘zichiga oladi. Kalitso'zlar:Chig‘atoy ulusi, Mo‘g‘ullar, Mahmud Yalavoch, yer munosabatlari, soliq tizimi, iqtisodiy islohotlar, ijtimoiy qatlamlar, hunarmandchilik, dehqonchilik, soliq shakllari, "kalon", "qopchur", "tamg‘a", yer egaligi, mulk munosabatlari, pul muomalasi, O‘rta Osiyo, Mo‘g‘ul hukmronligi, iqtisodiyinqiroz.