IMPORTANCE OF DETERMINING LIQUID LEVEL WITH THE HELP OF AN ULTRASOUND SENSOR USING AN ARDUINO MICROCONTROLLER IN AGRICULTURE

Аннотация

В этой статье рассматриваются современные аппаратно-программные устройства контроля уровня воды, которое является одной из наиболее актуальных проблем в сельском хозяйстве. Предлагаемый в данной работе аппаратно- программная комплекс отличается от других систем контроля уровня воды рядом преимуществ. Предложенный в данном исследовании система автоматического мониторинга уровня воды является универсален и прост в использовании. Рассматриваемую аппаратно-программную систему можно применить в процессах мониторингаразличныхотраслей народногохозяйство. Ключевые слова: Arduino, микроконтроллер, жидкость, уровень, ультразвук, датчик, эскиз, настройка пустоты, цикл пустоты, ВХОД, ВЫСОКИЙ, НИЗКИЙ, аналоговый, Запись,ШИМ,Чтение,Nanoda,преобразователь. Annotation .This article will consider modern hardware and software for water level control, which is one of the most pressing problems in agriculture. The hardware and software complex offered in this work differs from other water table management systems in a number of advantages. The automatic water level monitoring system proposed in this study is versatile and easy to use. The hardware and software system in question can be used in monitoringprocesses of various sectors oftheeconomy. Key words: Arduino, microcontroller ,liquid,level, ultrasonic, sensor, sketch, void setup, voidloop, INPUT, HIGH, LOW, analog, Nanoda, convertor. Introduction. Uzbekistan is the country with the largest irrigated area in the Central Asian region. That is, 4.3 million hectares of land are cultivated in our country. Irrigation of these cultivated areas, as well as drinking needs, is dependent on freshwater resources of rivers and page762 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue04,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai lakes. For the needs of our republic, 52-53 billion m3 of the average 116 billion m3 of water resources formed annually in the Amu Darya and Syrdarya basins in the Aral Sea region are used. In the current era, when climate change has become a global problem, it is especially necessary to use water resources economically and effectively. The reason is that in recent years, years of water shortage have been recurring frequently in Central Asian countries, in particular in Uzbekistan. For example, until the 2000s, water shortages were observed every 6-8 years, but recently this situation has been encountered every 3-4 years. As a result, in 2018, the total water deficit in Uzbekistan amounted to 3 billion m3. By 2030, this figure is likely to reach 7 billion m3, and by 2050 - 13-15 billion m3. In addition, as a result of rising air temperatures, irrigation standards for agricultural crops are expected to increase by 5 percent by 2030 and by 7-10 percent in 2050. All this sets us important tasks such as radically changing our attitude towards water resources, using efficient technologies in their use, implementing intensive irrigation methods, and most importantly, preventing land degradationand desertification. Discussion and results: Taking into account the above issues, it is necessary to accelerate the development of water-saving technologies. Today, the government has set clear tasks for the introduction of a system of digital and geoinformation technologies in order to increase the efficiency of land relations, agricultural and water management resources management [5]. In accordance with the Decree of the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan No. PF- 6079 dated October 5, 2020 “On approval of the “Digital Uzbekistan - 2030” strategy and measures for its effective implementation” and the Resolution No. PQ-4699 dated April 28, 2020 “On measures for the widespread introduction of the digital economy and e- government”, as well as in order to increase the efficiency of the use of digital and geoinformation technologies in agriculture and water management, the Cabinet of Ministers has decided that the following are the priority areas for digitization of the agricultural sector oftheRepublicofUzbekistan: - introduction of technologies for online control of water resources use in reservoirs and irrigation systems; -improvement ofthe water resources management system, accounting of water useand water consumption,and formation ofa database; - management and use of water resources through the implementation of modern computer technologies; - introduction of automated management technologies in the organization of intensive gardens and thecultivation ofhorticultural products; -introduction ofautomated, computerized intellectual technologies in greenhousefarms. Ultrasonic level meters. The principle of operation of ultrasonic level meters is based on the reflection ofsound waves from aliquid, gas (air) layer. The magnitude ofthe reflection of the ultrasonic pulse from the boundary surface of the air and the measured medium occurs as a result of asharp difference in