ABDURAUF FITRAT'S VIEWS ON LITERARY STUDIES

Аннотация

This article highlights the literary and aesthetic views of Abdurauf Fitrat, a prominent figure in 20th-century Uzbek literature, science, and culture, based on his "Rules of Literature" and other literary works. The article analyzes the scientific heritage and treatises of the prominent scholaronliterary studies. Keywords: manzum poems (system poems), mansur poems (sochim poems), "Rules of Literature," "Terminology of Literary Currents," currents, article “Poetry and Poesy”, “About Aruz”,stringed words. Fitrat is a majorrepresentative of 20th-century Uzbek literature, science, and culture. He was an encyclopedic scholar, aliterary theorist, asharp linguist, aunique playwright and poet, a militant publicist,publisherand journalist, and atalented statesman and publicfigure. According to Abdurauf Fitrat's autobiography, he was born in Bukhara in 1884 (S. Ayni states that he was born in 1886, and current textbooks and scientific research repeat this date). Fitrat is Abdurauf's pen name, meaning "innate talent." Fitrat's concise and melodious lyrics, multifaceted dramaturgy, combat journalism, and extensivein-depth scholarly research testify to hisversatile and prolificcreativity. Fitrat is a great literary scholar, a strong theorist, and a sharp linguist; he is the author of "Uzbek Language Grammar" ("Sarf," "Nahv," published six times in 1924-1930), "Tajik Language Grammar" (1930), and dozens of articles on language. His books "Rules of Literature" and "About Aruz" have not lost their scientific and theoretical value even today. Fitrat's major research, such as "Examples of Old Uzbek Literature," "A General Overview of Uzbek Literature after the 16th Century," "Chagatai Literature," as well as books and articles about Omar Khayyam, Ferdowsi, Yassavi, Navoi, Muhammad Salih, Bedil, Mashrab, Turdi, Furkat, Muqimi, and Nodira, became a historical event in Uzbek literary studies of this period. His articles and books on the history of Uzbek music and chess confirm that he is an encyclopedic scholar. In the article "Tilimiz," he proves that it is possible to form 98 words from one root "bil" and that the vocabulary of the Turkic language is greater than that of the Persian and Arabic languages, but now it does not have its own status, emphasizes that it is "the mostunfortunate." The scholar compiled the biographical dictionaries "Samples of the Oldest Turkic Literature" (text, research, notes, 1927) and "Samples of Uzbek Literature" (text, research, notes, Volume 1, 1928), collected and systematized examples of our national literary heritage created from ancient times to recent times (the second volume of "Samples of Uzbek Literature" was not published forunknown reasons). Abdurauf Fitrat sought to obtain, study, and publish unique monuments of Uzbek written literature, such as "Kutadgu Bilig," scattered among the people. Having first studied major representatives of Uzbek literature, he created treatises and articles of great scientific value, such as "Bedil" (1923), "On Navoi's Persian Poetry and His Persian Divan," "Kutadgu Bilig" (1925), "Ahmad Yassavi" (1927), "Investigations on the Poets of the Yassavi School," "Hibbat ul-Haqayiq," "Uzbek Poet Turdi" (1928), "A General View of Uzbek Literature After page481 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE ISSN:2692-5206,ImpactFactor:12,23 AmericanAcademicpublishers,volume05,issue04,2025 Journal: https://www.academicpublishers.org/journals/index.php/ijai the 16th Century," "Muhammad Salih," "The Persian Poet Omar Khayyam" (1929), "Mashrab," "About the Epic of Farhad and Shirin" (1930). With these studies, Fitrat laid the foundation for theUzbek school ofliterary studies. Fitrat also created a number of works as a prominent scholar and literary critic. In particular, scientific observations such as "Rules of Literature," "Examples of Old Uzbek Literature," "About Aruz" play an important role in the history of literary studies. Furthermore, his research on Omar Khayyam, Ferdowsi, Navoi, Bedil, M. Solih, Muqimiy, and Furqat will undoubtedly serve as an important source for studying the history of our literature. He wrote articles about more than ten representatives of classical literature, such as Ahmad Yassavi and Suleiman Bakirgani. At the same time, Fitrat actively worked as a scientist, a great pedagogue, andorganizerof publiceducation. The last chapter of "The Rules of Literature" is devoted to "The Term 'Current in Literature'." In this, Fitrat explains the essence of such concepts as classicism, rationalism, sentimentalism,romanticism, symbolism, modernism, and futurism in avery simpleway. In his article"Poetry and Poetry," Fitrat divides poetry into two types: 1.Manzumpoems (system poems); 2.Mansurpoems (hair poems). Just as one can recite poetry with stringed words, one can recite poetry with loose words. For laconic poems (mansur poems), even if there is no correspondence between "measure" and "rhyming," the artistic (artistic) nature of the words is es