ORIGINS OF SLAVIC WRITING: FROM ORAL TRADITION TO WRITING

Аннотация

This article examines the importance of the Russian language as a major cultural phenomenon that plays a key role in the spiritual and moral development of society. Particular attention is paid to the historical mission of Cyril and Methodius, the creators of the Slavic alphabet, and their contribution to the development of culture and literature. The author also focuses on the problems of modern speech culture, such as the simplification of language, the disappearance of traditional and significant words in speech, as well as the low level of speech culture in the media. The work emphasizes the need to preserve and develop the Russian language as an important component of the national heritage, as well as the importance of pedagogical work in educating the culture of speech in young people. Key words: Russian language, speech culture, Cyril and Methodius, Slavic writing, language development, mass media, moral culture, pedagogy, speech culture. Careful attitude to the native language and its development is an important condition for the spiritual growth and unity of the peoples of Russia. More than twelve centuries have passed since the times when the great Slavic educators Cyril and Methodius, the creators of the Slavic written language, lived and worked. Their historical mission was that, while spreading Christianity among the Slavs in the 60s–80s of the 9th century, the brothers Constantine (in monasticism Cyril) and Methodius created a special alphabet that took into account the sound features of the Slavic languages. In 863, they compiled the first systematized Slavic alphabet, which began the widespread development of the written culture of the Slavs. But their contribution did not end there. They translated the most important Christian books from Greek into Slavic, raised students who continued their work and contributed to the growth of Slavic culture. In addition, Cyril and Methodius created an ancient literary language - 46 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference Old Church Slavonic. It has become a powerful tool for the expression of thought and spiritual development of the people. The alphabet created by these great enlighteners was later used to write an outstanding work of ancient Russian literature, The Tale of Igor's Campaign. Cyrillic was used by Pushkin, Gogol, Tolstoy, Dostoevsky, as well as Bulgarian writers Ivan Vazov and Hristo Botev, and Ukrainian poet Taras Shevchenko. Mikhail Lomonosov also wrote his scientific works in it.. [1, c73] Alternating Cyrillic signs with chemical signs, Dmitry Ivanovich Mendeleyev told the world about the greatest discovery of the 19th century. Cyrillic became an integral sign of the creation of space projects by Konstantin Eduardovich Tsiolkovsky and Sergei Pavlovich Korolev [2, c87]. Today, the Cyrillic alphabet has become the property of other languages and cultures. Many peoples of our country have created their own script based on the Cyrillic alphabet, and use it for communication and the development of national cultures. The Slavic and Adyghe languages on the territory of our republic, developing, interact and mutually enrich each other. The remarkable works of Tembot Kerashev, Dmitry Kostanov, and Akhmed Khatkov “started speaking” in Cyrillic. As you can see, the work of the first Slavic educators lives on and promotes communication between peoples. At present, there is a growing understanding of the role of the Russian language at all levels of the education system, culture, science, and the need for state support for teaching the Russian language as an important cultural phenomenon. Let's listen to our speech, to the words that sound around us on the street, in transport, in the yard, in institutions. More and more often we can hear the meaningful "wow" - a cry worthy of a creature of the lowest level of development, who has experienced emotions: joy, surprise, delight, etc. Instead of a kind - "see you soon", "goodbye", "all the best", "see you tomorrow" and so on - "ciao!" Why strain to say "beautiful", "excellent", "wonderful", when there is - "cool"? According to some concepts, this means keeping up with the times. The question is where, why and with whom to go? Is it possible to cultivate virtue, patriotism, morality, purposefulness, when the words honor, dignity, pride, fatherland, kindness, faith, chastity are completely absent in speech? "Thank you" - God bless you, "Thank you" - I thank you - as a response to the good shown to you are disappearing from speech. All this makes one feel, to put it mildly, sad.. 47 THEORETICAL ASPECTS IN THE FORMATION OF PEDAGOGICAL SCIENCES International scientific-online conference Listening to the speech, in which the phrases “as if” and “taking this opportunity, allow me to propose,” “everyone who came,” “I missed you,” “somewhere around five o’clock” endlessly parasitize, you doubt that they even went to school [3, c 54] Mastering the cul