The development of national crafts in the southern regions of Uzbekistan

Аннотация

This article reflects the development of handicrafts in the southern regions of the Republic of Uzbekistan, the types of handicrafts specific to this region, the national values formed in the oasis and continuing to this day. The article also reflects the conditions created by the state for artisans during the years of independence and the issue of state policy. Keywords. Crafts, profession, specialization, home-based work, industry, tradition, master, apprentice, crafter. I. INTRODUCTION. The intensification of the study of national culture on a scientific basis for the cultural and educational development of Uzbekistan is associated with the achievement of state independence, the adoption of important state programs for the revival and development of traditional crafts. This fact proves that the reforms in the field of handicrafts in the years of independence of the Republic are conceptually and practically correct. The "Strategy of actions for the five directions of development of the Republic of Uzbekistan in 2017-2021" is one of the most important and important tasks in the development of the state and society, modernization of the country, socio-economic development [1]. The theory is based on the study of historical and cultural heritage, as well as the expansion of contacts of Uzbek artisans with countries around the world, strengthening their place in the socio-political life of the republic. Kashkadarya, Surkhandarya region are the most important historical and cultural regions of Uzbekistan, and since ancient times, handicrafts have been one of the most important sectors of economic life in the region. In the southern region of Uzbekistan, handicrafts have a special place in the socio- economic and cultural relations with neighboring countries. One of the most important issues after the independence of the Republic of Uzbekistan is the education of people in society, the creation of new opportunities for the spiritual heritage of the Uzbek people. As the President of the Republic of Uzbekistan Shavkat Mirziyoyev has mentioned “All the necessary raw materials for the development of handicrafts (boat building, ceramics, blacksmithing, construction) in the southern regions of Uzbekistan are obtained in pure form from the regions themselves. This is also due to changes in the natural geographical environment and society”. [2.16]. 87 Scientific research results in pandemic conditions (COVID-19) II. MAIN PART. In the first years of independence, the restoration of forgotten types of national handicrafts, the equipment created by artisans based on the needs of the population, the people's way of life, rare works of art were able to attract the attention of locals and foreigners. During the Soviet era, the development of the national handicraft industry, which had developed over the centuries, was severely damaged. [3] This led to the decline of national handicrafts, the abolition of handicraft occupations in rural areas, and the influx of many villagers to abandon their occupations. During the Soviet era in Uzbekistan, the national handicrafts in the countryside were severely damaged, but the Uzbek people, who have a sedentary cultural lifestyle, have preserved the foundations of these handicrafts as three cultural heritages. On the basis of reforms in the state program, the preservation and development of national culture in rural areas, the restoration of tradition in the production of handicrafts has become a natural process [4. 266]. Historically, the daily needs of the people of the oasis have been provided mainly by household items, household items and tools made by local artisans. In 1949, the V.Buysun handicraft cooperative named after V.Kuybeshev produced 94,593 meters of jade, 2,697 meters of janda, 894 meters of abershin and 90 meters of satin [5.17]. The Boysun Experimental Silk Weaving Factory, the construction of which began in 1966 and was launched in 1972, produced products worth 907,000 soums in the same year. In 1971- 1975, a tweed scarf factory and a sewing factory in Boysun also established branches in the villages of Sariosiyo and Kofurun, which belonged to the district, and provided 600 women [6,295]. Despite the difficulties, problems and restrictions imposed by the center in Uzbekistan in 1960-1970, the light industry also grew slightly. In 1970, industrial production in the country increased by 6.25% compared to 1966, including 7.5% in Surkhandarya region and 8.2% in Kashkadarya region. This growth in the light industry was achieved primarily through the production of cotton. During the planned economy, the development of handicrafts in the country has come to a standstill. During this period, handicrafts were administratively extinct. In 1926, individual farmers and unorganized artisans accounted for 80.2 percent of the total population, and workers and employees for 19.8 percent. During these years, artisans were forcibly merged into co-operatives, and with the end of industri