LEARNING THE AUXILIARY MEANS OF THE UZBEK LANGUAGE AND THEIR LINGUISTIC CAPABILITIES

Аннотация

Пособие по тюркским языкам, в том числе и узбекскому, уже давно является объектом изучения лингвистов. Лингвисты говорят о том, что отделение вспомогательных от самостоятельных категорий слов, практикуемых в современных тюркских языках, произошло в сравнительно более поздние времена, и это в некоторой степени отражается и на языке письменных памятников. Ключевые слова: вспомогательный, согласный, узбекский язык, вспомогательные слова, самостоятельное слово, грамматика, Лингвистика, вспомогательная лексема, вспомогательное средство, языковая возможность. Annotation The manual on Turkic languages, including Uzbek, has long been an object of study for linguists. Linguists say that the separation of auxiliary words from independent categories of words practiced in modern Turkic languages occurred in relatively later times, and this is reflected to some extent in the language of written monuments. Keywords: auxiliary, consonant, Uzbek language, auxiliary words, independent word, grammar, Linguistics, auxiliary lexeme, auxiliary means, linguistic opportunity. Introduction. Auxiliary words are considered as one of the categories of auxiliary words. “Although auxiliary words have historically been independent 75 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference words, in modern Uzbek they have lost their lexical (material) meaning, they have only grammatical meaning. Therefore, in modern Uzbek they are used only in combination with other words”[1:541]. The handbook of Turkic languages (including Uzbek) has long been a source of research for linguists. Linguists say that the separation of auxiliary words from independent categories of words practiced in modern Turkic languages occurred in relatively later times, and this is reflected to some extent in the language of written monuments. In particular, “there are very few auxiliary tools in the language of Urhun–Enasoy monuments. The works of the XI century “Kutadgu bilig” and “Devoni lugʻati-turk” significantly increased the number of auxiliary ones. It is known from written sources that since the 12th-13th centuries, the group of auxiliary languages in the Turkic languages, including Uzbek, has expanded even more”[2:285]. In the “Historical Grammar of the Uzbek language”, assistants in the old Uzbek language are divided into pure assistants and functional assistants, as they are now. Pure auxiliary words include words that have lost their independent use and lexical meaning (üchün; birlä; kibi//kebi, yaŋlig‘ (yaŋliq); üzrä; ichrä; sari, taba, tabaru; tägi, tegrü (degrü), sayi/sayu/sayin). Cases such as what meanings they express, with which consonants they come, and in what forms they are used are given. For example, it is said that the auxiliary word “birlä” was originally used in this form, and later its forms “birlän, bilä, bilän” arose, while the form “ilä” was widely used in poetic works, mainly in the XV century and later. This is due to the fact that the auxiliary is usually used with words in the main conjugation, expressing meanings such as the conjunction (Anιŋ birlä qιlur erdim tamāsha (Furkat), the means (Ne til birlä deb erkin bu maqālιn (Navoi)), the condition, the cause (Fātiha jahl ilä oqιshdι turub (Mukimi)), the moment (Bir manzilg‘a tünlä birlä yettilär (Tafsir), the direction of movement (Bir nechesi yol birlän … Xārazmg‘a keldilär (Shajarai tarokima))[2:286-287]. Analysis of the literature on the topic (Literature review). Abdurauf Fitrat, reflecting on the types of words in the book “O‘zbek tili qoidalari to‘g‘risida bir tajriba: Sarf”, divides them into such types as nouns, adjectives, numerals, pronouns, auxiliary words. He emphasizes that auxiliary words differ from them in that they do not accept adverbs attached to nouns, verbs, and adjectives. Auxiliary words include auxiliary words of the present tense (bilan, sayin, ichra), conjunctions (biroq, lekin, chunki), prepositions (faqat, -gina, -ki, sira), modal words (afsus, attang, albatta), exclamation words (oh, uf, ax). He classifies them into more than a dozen species, such as “kuchaytish 76 ACADEMIC RESEARCH IN MODERN SCIENCE International scientific-online conference ko‘makchilari (Asru, juda, hech, albatta,asla, sira, eng, butkul, xuddi. Bunlar bir gapning yo bir so‘zning ma’nosini kuzatmak uchun ishlatiladir. Ishlatilishlari shundaydir: Biz se ni “asla” ko‘rmadik. Bu “asru” uzundir), o‘run ko‘makchilari (Ora, ichra, o‘zaro, o‘zra. Shahar “ora” kirdim), qabatlov ko‘makchilari (Tag‘in, daxi, bilan, -ala, -la, yana, ham, da – da so‘zlari iki ma’noni yig‘ib, qabatlov ko‘makchi bo‘ladir), shart ko‘makchilar (Yo‘qsa, agar, agarcha bunlar shart ko‘makchilaridir)”[3:169-171]. A.N.Kononov defines the Uzbek language assistant as follows: “auxiliary words are a group of words that serve to create such relationships between a noun or object and a predicate as a weapon, means, purpose, cause, time, distance, direction, analogy.”[4:156]. In his work “Auxiliary Words”,