O‘ZBEK VA INGLIZ TILLARIDA AKSIOLOGIK FRAZEOLOGIZMLARNING QIYOSIY-LINGVOKULTUROLOGIK TAHLILI

Аннотация

В статье представлено сравнительно-лингвокультурологическое исследование аксиологических фразеологизмов в узбекском и английском языках. Фразеологические единицы отражают мировоззрение, моральные ценности и эмоциональные оценки нации. В статье рассматривается, как оценочные (аксиологические) значения встраиваются во фразеологические выражения, выявляются культурные сходства и различия, а также раскрывается роль национального менталитета в формировании положительных и отрицательных оценочных суждений. С помощью качественного анализа идиом и устойчивых выражений исследование демонстрирует тесную связь между языком и культурой. 87 Ключевые слова: Аксиология, фразеологизм, лингвокультурология, оценочное значение, положительная/отрицательная коннотация, узбекский язык, английский язык, культурные ценности, идиомы. Language serves not only as a communicative tool but also as a repository of cultural values and national worldview. Phraseologisms, especially those bearing axiological (evaluative) meaning, reflect a community’s emotional, ethical, and aesthetic attitudes toward the world. The study of axiological phraseologisms enables us to uncover how different nations conceptualize notions of good and evil, praise and criticism, virtue and vice through language. This paper explores axiological phraseological units in Uzbek and English, identifying both their semantic structures and the cultural values they embody. Axiological phraseologisms are idiomatic expressions that convey explicit or implicit value judgments— positive or negative—toward people, actions, or phenomena. They are crucial in shaping public discourse, literature, and interpersonal communication. The comparative analysis of such units reveals striking parallels and significant divergences rooted in each nation’s unique historical, social, and spiritual experience. In Uzbek, expressions such as ko‘ngli ochiq odam (an open-hearted person), oltin yurakli (with a heart of gold), or oq yuvib oq taragan (pure and honorable) are used to express positive evaluation. Conversely, qora yurak (black-hearted), tilidan zahar tomadi (poison- tongued), and yuziga sir yo‘q (two-faced) denote strong negative judgments. These expressions are embedded in a cultural matrix where collectivist values, respect for moral purity, and social harmony are emphasized. English, meanwhile, employs phraseologisms such as a heart of gold, as good as gold, or full of beans for positive connotations, and cold-blooded, a snake in the grass, or two-faced for negative ones. These idioms reflect a culture where individuality, personal integrity, and straightforwardness are highly valued. Despite lexical and metaphorical differences, both languages use similar imagery—such as heart, color, animals, and nature—to express axiological meaning. The research reveals that many axiological phraseologisms in both languages rely on metaphorical structures and culturally specific symbols. For example, “gold” symbolizes value and virtue in both languages, while animals like “snake” represent deception. However, certain culturally bound expressions may not have exact equivalents in the other language, which presents challenges in translation and intercultural communication. Ultimately, axiological phraseologisms serve as cultural signposts that guide moral and emotional evaluations within a society. Their study sheds light on the deep interrelation between language and culture. By comparing Uzbek and English axiological phraseologisms, we gain insight into the unique yet overlapping systems of values that shape these languages. The findings not only contribute to the field of linguoculturology but also enhance cross- cultural awareness and the precision of translation practice.