ВРЕДИТЕЛИ ГРУШЕВЫХ ДЕРЕВЬЕВ И МЕРЫ БОРЬБЫ С НИМИ

Аннотация

Breast cancer is one of the most common oncological diseases among women globally and is also a significant problem in the healthcare system in Uzbekistan. This article provides a scientifically based analysis of the epidemiology, etiological factors, diagnostic methods, and modern approaches to treatment of breast cancer. According to data, 4,454 new cases were recorded in Uzbekistan in 2020, and early detection and treatment effectiveness have significantly improved with the introduction of screening programs and genetic tests. Among the risk factors, hereditary predisposition (BRCA1/2 mutations), hormonal imbalance, lifestyle, and environmental factors play an important role. Mammography, ultrasound, and biopsy are used as the main methods in diagnostics, while surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, hormonal, and targeted therapies are used as an integrated approach in treatment. The article also highlights 158 Universaljurnal.uz Universal International Scientific Journal 2025, 2(4) the importance of preventive measures and screening programs implemented within the framework of the Uzbekistan-2030 strategy in the Uzbek healthcare system. The results of the study indicate the need to adapt innovative technologies and international experience to local conditions in the early detection and treatment of breast cancer. Keywords: breast cancer, women's oncology, epidemiology, risk factors, mammography, screening, genetic mutations, BRCA1/2, diagnostics, surgical treatment, chemotherapy, hormonal therapy, targeted therapy, prevention, Uzbekistan, healthcare. Language: Uzbek Citation: Odilova , Y., & Akhmedov , A. (2025). BREAST CANCER DISEASES IN WOMEN. Universal International Scientific Journal, 2(4), 157–166. Retrieved from https://universaljurnal.uz/index.php/jurnal/article/view/1512 Doi: https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.15274909 Copyright © 2025 by author(s) and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY 4.0). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Kirish ko‘rsatadi. Ko‘plab rivojlangan Dunyo boʻyicha statistik mamlakatlarda erta diagnostika va maʼlumotlarga qaraganda, har kuniga zamonaviy davolash usullarining yo‘lga oʻrtacha 1 300 dan ortiq ayollar koʻkrak qo‘yilgani tufayli bu kasallikdan omon bezi saratoni tufayli hayotdan erta koʻz qolish ko‘rsatkichlari oshgan bo‘lsa-da, yummoqda. Jahon sogʻliqni saqlash rivojlanayotgan va past daromadli tashkiloti (JSST)ning 2020-yilgi mamlakatlarda bu muammo hanuz dolzarb maʼlumotlariga koʻra, har yili dunyo bo‘lib qolmoqda. boʻyicha 2,3 milliondan ortiq ayolga ushbu xavfli kasallik tashxisi qoʻyiladi. Koʻkrak Oʻzbekistonda esa koʻkrak bezi bezi saratoni bugungi kunda ayollar orasida saratoni yil sayin kengayib borayotgan eng koʻp uchraydigan va o‘limga olib jiddiy tibbiy va ijtimoiy muammolardan keluvchi saraton turlaridan biri biri hisoblanadi. Respublika hisoblanadi. Ayni yili bu kasallik sababli ixtisoslashtirilgan onkologiya va 685 mingdan ziyod ayollar hayotdan koʻz radiologiya ilmiy-amaliy tibbiyot yumgan. markazining maʼlumotlariga koʻra, har yili Koʻkrak bezi saratoni nafaqat 4 mingdan ortiq ayolda bu kasallik ayollarning jismoniy sogʻligiga, balki aniqlanmoqda. Eng achinarlisi, ularning ularning ruhiy holatiga, ijtimoiy faolligiga katta qismi kasallikning 2 yoki 3- va oilaviy hayotiga ham katta taʼsir bosqichida shifokorga murojaat qilishadi. 159 Universaljurnal.uz Universal International Scientific Journal 2025, 2(4) Bu esa davolash samaradorligini qiladi. Tanada uzoq vaqt davomida yuqori kamaytiradi va hayot uchun xavf darajasini bo‘lishi saraton xavfini oshiradi. oshiradi. Ko‘p yillar davomida tug‘maslik, Kasallikning keng tarqalishiga emizmaslik yoki gormonli dorilarni ko‘p asosiy sabablar sifatida ayollarning ichish bu holatni kuchaytiradi. sog‘lig‘iga befarqligi, profilaktik Shuningdek, polikistik tuxumdon ko‘riklarga e’tiborsizlik, tibbiy sindromi, giperestrogeniya kabi kasalliklar madaniyatning pastligi hamda baʼzi ham estrogen miqdorini oshiradi. hollarda ijtimoiy uyalish holatlari Reproduktiv tarix ko‘rsatiladi. Ko‘krak bezi saratoniga qarshi Erta hayz (12 yoshdan oldin) va kech kurashishda erta tashxis qo‘yish, aholi menopauza (55 yoshdan keyin) bo‘lsa, xabardorligini oshirish va sog‘lom turmush tanada estrogen ko‘p vaqt ushlanib qoladi. tarzini shakllantirish muhim o‘rin tutadi. Farzand ko‘rmagan ayollar yoki Ushbu maqolada koʻkrak bezi kech tug‘ganlar (30 yoshdan keyin) saratonining sabablari, xavf omillari, ko‘proq xavf ostida. alomatlari, tashxislash va davolash yo‘llari, Emizish muddati qancha uzoq shuningdek, uni oldini olish choralari bo‘lsa, xavf shuncha kamayadi — chunki haqida to‘liq maʼlumot beriladi. emizish gormonlarni tabiiy tarzda Ko‘krak bezi saratonining sabablari muvozanatlashtiradi. va xavf omillari Tashqi omillar va hayot tarzi Irsiy (nasliy) omillar Chekish va spirtli ichimliklar — Eng asosiy genetik xavf BRCA1 va ko‘krak hujayralarining tuzilis