Этимологические особенности афоризмов в лингвистике

Аннотация

Ключевые слова: В данной статье анализируются разнообразие тем паремия, афоризмов, периоды их появления и отражение паремиологическая исторических событий, а также изучаются структурные и единица, семантические особенности английских афоризмов. пословица, 1 PhD student, Denov Institute of Entrepreneurship and Pedagogy. Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701 поговорка, Исследование семантических особенностей основывается фразеологизм, на словарном анализе. Афоризм должен быть ясен и афоризм. понятен любому читателю, поэтому употребление общеупотребительных слов в афоризмах осуществляется свободно и неограниченно. Темы афоризмов охватывают различные сферы человеческой жизни. In historical sources and among the people, the aphoristic creativity of our people is called by different terms. Proverb, saying, parable, idiom,saying of fathers, wise saying, aphorism, story, wisdom, saying of old people, saying of elders and others are such terms. In many cases, these terms are still used in a mixture in relation to the aphoristic work in general, and one is used instead of theother. However, it is necessary to set certain limits and make clarifications when using them1.S.Tursunov, B.Murtozoyev, O.Allanov’s book “The role of folk wisdom in the education of a well-rounded generation” describes aphorisms as “masterpieces of wisdom”, learning the wisdom of our ancestors, drawing conclusions from it, being vigilant and alert for the peace of the family, children, neighborhood, and country to be, to feel that one vague or rude word can cause misunderstandings between people, and emphasizes the importance of wisdom in preventing this. Definition of aphorisms, determination of their nature and life tasks began at the time of the philosopher Hippocrates, who lived in the 4th century BC. He sees the Greek term “aphorism” as a lexeme derived artistic nature of aphorisms, aphorism initially expressed the conclusions of medical opinions, signs and symptoms of various diseases directly in the form of aphorisms in the form of concise, meaningful, meaningful judgments. Later, this term began to be widely used by thinkers engaged in philosophy and science. M. Saidova in the book “Using proverbs and wisdom in extracurricular reading classes” wise words, proverbs are for us the sound of centuries, an eternal call that awakens a feeling of harmony with the distant past, a bridge between times, the heart lines of unknown poets,the distant streams of people’s talent, tyranny, enmity. it is emphasized that injustice stings in the chest, and the dictionary meaning of the word wisdom is “extreme wisdom”. According to the definition given in the dictionary dedicated to the explanation of literary terms, “Aphorism (Greek -wise word) is a wise sentence with a deep meaning, clear and concise form, whose author is known. The fewer words in an aphorism, the more expressive and sharp it is. Unlike folk proverbs, the author of aphorisms isalways clear. Folk proverbs are also called folk aphorisms in a broad sense. According to the “Annotated Dictionary of the Uzbek Language”, aphorism [Greek] is a deep, meaningful, short, concise, phrase, wise word. Local linguists such as B. Mengliyev, A. Nurmonov, A. Sobirov, Sh. Yusupova define paremiological units as stable compounds as follows. A stable combination is also needed to express thoughts in speech. For example, the verb to be surprised is not enough to express strong surprise. Then the stable conjunction is used: His mouth fell open. His mouth dropped open -a phrase. It consists of two independent words and is ready for speech. It remains in our minds even after the speech. Although its meaning is the same as the meaning of the verb to besurprised, it differs in its adverbial, i.e., emotional and stylistic meaning, as well as the expression scheme. As a stable combination in the Uzbek language, proverb, matal, phrase, figurative expression are generally recognized (however, whether proverbs and matals are a stable combination is debatable). Language units consisting of a stable relationship of two or more words, which are ready to be brought into the speech process, and which exist as a possibility in the memory of the speakers of the language, are called stable compounds. 24 Xorijiy lingvistika va lingvodidaktika – Зарубежная лингвистика и лингводидактика – Foreign Linguistics and Linguodidactics Special Issue – 3 (2025) / ISSN 2181-3701 The main characteristics of stable compounds are: 1. Before the speech process, the presence in the language should be brought into speech. 2. Integrity of meaning. 3. Stability of structure and composition. Appropriate use of stable conjunctions ensures the beauty of speech, so they are the beauty of our speech. The branch of linguistics that studies stable compounds is called paremiology (from Latin parema stable, logos, “teaching”), and